Academicmaterials

Cricoid Pressure - ️️reduces risk of aspiration, pressure is applied using thumb and index finger to the cricoid cartilage Laryngospasm and Bronchospasm - ️️rigidity of of the upper respiratory tract, anesthesia provider is unable to move air and waste gases in and out of the lungs Malignant hypothermia - ️️potentially fatal hypermetabolic state of muscle activity caused by abnormal release of calcium, first signs is tachycardia, tachypea and increased level of carbon dioxide, ...

Which of the following may be used when applying a sterile dressing to a skin graft site? - ️️pressure dressing When performing a dilation and curettage, which of the following instruments is used to grasp the cervix? - ️️Schroeder On the way into the operating room, a terminally ill patient tells the nurse, "No matter what happens, it will be okay." Which of the Five Stages of Grief is the patient MOST likely in? - ️️acceptance Which of the following instruments is used...

The surgical incision that is commonly used for pelvic gynecological procedures and has a low incidence os dehiscence is the ____incision A. midline B. thoracoabdominal C. McBurney D. Pfannenstiel - ️️Pfannenstiel The abdominal incision commonly used for ttrauma surgery because it provides quick access to the peritoneal cavity and the ability to ectend it easily if necessary is the ____incision A. subcostal B. midabdominal transverse C. midline D. inguinal lower oblique - ️️m...

A surgical technolgist received the following medications onto the sterile field: 0.9% sodium chloride, bacitracin 1 gm, and 0.25% Marcaine and epinephrine. Which of the following is the MOST appropriate way to label these medications? - ️️0.9% saline + 1gm bacitracin and 0.25% Marcaine with epinephrine. A thyroidectomy that was done earlier in the day is being brought back for excessive bleeding from the incision. Which of the following items are needed for this case? - ️️laps, si...

Failure to care for equipment - ️️Increases replacement cost, jeopardizes the efficiency, accuracy and profitability of the survey Storage of metal tapes - ️️Apply a light coat of oil Moving total station - ️️Never shoulder while mounted on tripod; always move in carrying case Field adjustments to instruments - ️️Only made when instrument results are poor or require excessive manipulation Boundary Surveys - ️️Determines location and geometry of the property, and consi...

Fracture of Humerus - ️️Complications: nerve and ligament damage, frozen or stiff joints, and malunion--fractured fragments are not in good position... Fractures of the proximal humerus are more common in older adults. Fracture of the Elbow - ️️Usually distal humerus, common complications: nerve or artery damage, hemiartrosis, Volkmann's contracture (claw deformity of hand and fingers). Fall or direct blow is main report. Fracture of the radius and/or ulna - ️️Complication: ...

Goal of Reduction - ️️- fix fracture - approximate segments - restore normal position Closed Reduction - ️️- manual manipulation of skin Open Reduction - ️️- surgical manipulation of bone Immobilization - ️️- goal : fixation/alignment of segments Methods of Immobilization - ️️- Internal fixation - External fixation Internal Fixation - ️️- pins, plates, rods, hardware - advantages = fast ambulation - disadvantages = surgery is required Factors in Bone Healing - ...

Describe angulation and rotational fractures. - ️️ANGULATION FX: force that causes bony fragment to become broken transversely, then misaligned; usually in a v shape; EX: same as that of a tapping force, like using forearm to block a blow ROTATIONAL FX: force causes a spiraling fracture line; seen in arms or lower leg - when seen in child, raises question of abuse Define fracture, dislocation, and subluxation. - ️️1) FRACTURE: a break in a bone; may or may not involve a joint surfa...

What is the classic test to determine herniated disc? - ️️Straight Leg Raise What is the gold standard conservative treatment for a herniated disc? - ️️* Bed rest-Max of 3 days What are the symptoms of Cauda Equina Syndrome? - ️️* New onset of bowel or bladder incontinence * Numbness in the saddle area or perineum What is the cause of Cauda Equina Syndrome? - ️️Pressure on the plexus nerve in the lumbar spine What is the treatment for Cauda Equina Syndrome? - ️️Immedi...

Corticosteroids intraarticular injections - ️️-Depo-Medrol, Aristospan -Antiinflammatory, Analgesic -Joint may feel worse right after injection -Avoid overusing joint immediately after injection -Improvement last weeks to months after injection Systemic Corticosteroids - ️️-Hydrocortisone, Methylprednisolone, dexamethasone, Prednisone, Triamcinolone -Antiinflammatory, Analgesic -Use only with severe exacerbation -Symptoms return with abrupt withdraw -Monitor BP, weight, CBC, Se...

point tenderness, pain radiating down the dorsal surface of the forearm, and a history of receptive use - ️️what are some manifestations of epicondylitis fracture - ️️break in continuity of the bone deformity, swelling, pain/tenderness, numbs, guarding, crepitus, hypovolemic shock, muscle spasms, and ecchymosis - ️️what are some manifestations of fractures local: immobilization, timely correction, ice/electrical stimulus systemic: adequate growth hormone, blood supply, no infec...

posterior - ️️A curved incision on the side of the hip, just behind the greater trochanter to the top of the femur Muscles are cut anterior - ️️Shorter hospital stay Shorter recovery No hip precautions Posterior - ️️Longer hospital stay Longer recovery Hip precautions ORIF - ️️No abduction pillow needed WB as ordered No Hip Precautions Rapid mobility and ambulation as tolerated total hip replacement - ️️Abduction pillow needed WB as ordered Full hip precautions...

Four Major Types of Bones (Shapes) - ️️Long bones Short bones Flat bones Irregular bones Long bones (3 parts) - ️️Diaphysis Metaphysis Epihysis Diaphysis (Part of long bone) - ️️- Shaft - Provides strength and resist bending forces - Region of primary ossification Metaphysis (part of long bone) - ️️️ Flared portion Between diaphysis and epiphysis Growth zone Epiphysis (part of long bone) - ️️️ Ends of the bones Assist in bone development Distal and prox...

General Use Pesticides may be purchased and used by a. the general public b. certified pest control operators c. certified pest control operators or licensed ID cardholders - ️️the general public What is the most important item contained in a first aid kit in relation to pesticide applications a. poison control telephone number b. a plastic eyewash cup c. soap - ️️poison control telephone number Under what circumstances would a pesticide be classified as restricted use a. extre...

__________________ is a mega-region where two or more cities are creating this agglomeration. A generic term referring to urban coalescence of metropolitan areas at the regional scale. - ️️Megalopolis ______________________ are exceptionally large, economically dominant, and culturally expressive of national identity - ️️Primate City _____________________ is an alternative to primacy. It ranks cities based on its size of population in descending order. - ️️Rank-rule size _____...

The 7 hypotheses are - ️️Hypothesis 1: Geographic dispersal and simultaneous integration. Hypothesis 2: Outsourcing by large global firms. Hypothesis 3: Agglomeration economies of specialized firms. Hypothesis 4: Headquarters are free to locate anywhere. Hypothesis 5: Global networks and markets for specialized services. Hypothesis 6 & 7: Several predictions suggested that cities will lose their value because of globalization, however. Conceptualizing the city as production sites also...

What is causality? - ️️A casual connection between variables, as opposed to a mere correlation between them. What is reliability, replicability and validity? - ️️Reliability: Results remain the same each time a particular measurement technique is used. Replicability: Results remain the same when others repeat all or part of the study. Validity: There is integrity to the conclusion. The answer to your question gives you valid results. Conclusion is complete. What is the difference ...

The period since 1950 has been characterized by - ️️BOTH people moving to areas surrounding the city itself AND a decentralization of production Correct The technological advances which promoted the growth of the "great metropolis" includes all but which of the following? - ️️the telephone Which demographic trends contributed to the increase in urban population? - ️️BOTH depopulation of rural area AND immigration from abroad Correct How does sprawl hurt cities? - ️️al...

Which of the following is NOT a consequential effect of the electric streetcar? - ️️the electric streetcar was cheap enough for most households to purchase and own In the beginning, automobiles were affordable by all socioeconomic classes and were primarily used for commuting purposes when they were first available. - ️️False Because cars were initially used for recreational purposes, the first highways were relatively short with little regard to the exact path taken between point ...

3 major components in urban water infrastructure - ️️1. water supply system 2. storm water system - country: storm water gets absorbed by the soil and runs in the ground - city: streets & buildings seal the soil, which allows little water into the ground 3. wastewater system Canada's urban water infrastructure - ️️- treated, accessible water - controlled by the municipal government Montreal - ️️- MTL is losing 50% of their water supply due to cracked pipes - 1890: the st. ...