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Freud believed that the id - Answer constantly seeks to increase pleasure and reduce tension A young man gets sexual gratification by kissing and caressing women's shoes. According to Freud, which of the following statements best describes this situation? - Answer The sexual object has been displaced. According to Freud, a boy who feels strong hostility toward his father and sexual love for his mother is experiencing - Answer the simple male Oedipus complex Sigmund Freud saw...

Define personality - Answer The set of psychological traits and mechanisms within the individual that are organized and relatively enduring and that influence his or her interactions with, and adaptations to, the environment. What are three reasons personality traits are useful? - Answer Describe, explain & predict behavior. Personality (Psychological) Traits - Answer The WHAT of personality; characteristics that describe ways that people are different from each other; average ten...

Heritability - Answer - proportion of variance in phenotype that can be accounted for by variance in genotype - variance in phenotype= people differ in looks, personality, IQ, etc. (differences between people) - variance in genotype= people differ in which genes they have Behavioral genetics research find situations when: - Answer - genes are the same, but environments are different - environments are the same but genes are different Identical twins - Answer - monozygotic (one ...

What is the person-situation debate? - Answer Debate: Are traits or situations better predictors of behavior? -Relative stability of traits -Relative flexibility of specific behaviors What is interactionism? - Answer Interactionism: behavior is a function of a person's traits and the environment What is Mischel's main critique of personality psychology? - Answer Mischel Critique: Personality does not predict behavior very well in *specific* situations. It is difficult to p...

Genome - Answer All of our genes, our genetic makeup (20,000-30,000 genes) -Human genome contains 30,000-80,000 genes on 23 pairs of chromosomes Hierarchy in the genome. - Answer Genome>chromosomes>genes>DNA Genotype - Answer - is the unobservable genetic makeup -collection of our genes (Aa, AA, aa) Behavioral Genetics - Answer degree to which individual differences are due to genetic & environmental factors. What does the heritability estimate examine? - Ans...

What is the person-situation debate? - Answer Traits or situations better predictors of behavior? • Relative stability of traits • Relative flexibility of specific behaviors What is interactionism? - Answer -Behavior is a function of a person's traits and the environment -Correlations between personality traits and associated behaviors are modest (r = .30) What is Mischel's main critique of personality psychology? - Answer -Personality does not predict behavior very...

Horney's basic attempts of dealing with anxiety - Answer moving toward (an excessive interest in being accepted), moving against (assumes that everyone is hostile and that life is a struggle), and moving away (emotional detachment) How do Sullivan's ideas compare and contrast with Freud's? - Answer She suggested that women are not biologically disposed toward misogynistic attitudes of being weak, dependent, submissive, and self-sacrificing object relations theory - Answer ...

The trait approach is based on empirical research that is mostly from _________. - Answer correlational studies A fundamental problem for the trait approach is that ______________. - Answer people are inconsistent Which of the following is NOT part of the situationist argument? - Answer Persons and situations interact to predict behavior Historically, personality psychologists have concentrated on ________ to evaluate the effects of personality variables, whereas social psychol...

Schizoid Personality Disorder - Answer little affective expression; neutral state; tend to be "loners" & evade social situations; limited emotional range Antisocial Personality Disorder - Answer antisocial & irresponsible behavior and lack of remorse for misdeeds; tend to be impulsive & fail to live up to their commitments to others; don't always tend to avoid people (not antisocial in that sense) • More than 5 times as common among men than women • Criminality vs antisoc...

The term personality describes a sense of ___________. - Answer personal distinctiveness Which of the following is a legitimate criticism of psychological theory? - Answer It is based on laboratory animals in artificial settings The term personality conveys a sense of ___________ about an individual's qualities. - Answer Consistency Two core themes in personality psychology are individual differences and social functioning. - Answer False In which way(s) does a persona...

Who did -Id,ego,superego, -dream interpretation -the unconscious -Oedipus complex, electra complex -free association - Answer Freud Theory of personality development based on how people cope with sexual and aggressive urges - Answer psychoanalysis According to Freud the mind consists of 3 parts- - Answer conscious, preconscious, and unconscious ________ made up or repressed, socially unacceptable thoughts - Answer unconscious ________: current awareness - Answer ...

What are the differences between observational and experimental studies? Are there situations where one is more useful than the other? What kind of information can we get / conclusions can we draw from each? - Answer Observational studies (when, where, how many, how much) - shows patterns Experimental studies (changing variables in controlled environment) - demonstrates causation What is a natural experiment? How is it similar to / different from observational vs. experimental studies? ...

What does DNA stand for? How does this name correspond to its molecular structure (also review from Module 2)? - Answer Deoxyribonucleic Acid; the de- symbolizes the double helix structure What are chromosomes? What do they look like in prokaryotes vs. eukaryotes? - Answer Chromosome - is a single, large DNA molecule wound around proteins. Prokaryotes: cytoplasm in an area called the nucleoid. Eukaryotes: nucleus How many types of chromosomes do humans have? How many total chromosom...

Elements of the Scientific Method - Answer o Observations o Questions o Hypothesis o Predictions o Testing (experiments) o Conclusions Why is falsifiability important to a scientific hypothesis? - Answer Falsifiability is the fundamental mechanism that gives a statement truth Null Hypothesis - Answer There is no statistical difference between the two variables Alternative Hypothesis - Answer The hypothesis accepted to be true if the null is rejected Independent Varia...

Domain-Kingdom-Phylum-Cards-Order-Family-Genus-Species - Answer Dumb Kings Play Cards On French Girls' Stomachs Cells - Answer Smallest unit of life and basic living structure for living organisms Tissue - Answer A group of similar cells that perform a particular function Organ - Answer Several tissues joined together Organelles-Organ Systems-Organs-Tissues-Cells-Molecules-Atoms - Answer Organism Hierarchy Systematics - Answer The scientific discipline of iden...

Vertebrates - Answer animals with backbones What was life like 400 million years ago? - Answer Life was mostly aquatic Tiktaalik roseae - Answer -Discovered 2006 - Fish and tetrapod characteristics -True tetrapod forelimb with 5 digits wand wrist bone -Modified ear region Descent with modification - Answer Darwins term for evolution, combining the ideas that all living things are related and have changed overtime. One of the most compelling lines of evidence for evolut...

what are the three types of viruses? - Answer Bacteriophages, animal, and plant viruses. what are prions? - Answer infectious misfolded proteins how does bacteria of a virus reproduce? - Answer with the lytic and lysogenic cycle how does eukaryotic viruses reproduce? - Answer with the lysogneic cycle, by budding, then allows the virus to lurk throughout the body what are the two domains that are prokaryotic? - Answer bacteria and archaea how do living viruses reprod...

Ecology - Answer The study of the interactions of organisms with each other and with their physical environment Population - Answer All the members of the same species that live in a particular area Ecosystem - Answer A community encompasses a community population, as well as the nonliving environment Biosphere - Answer All the ecosystems (air, water, land) on Earth including there biotic communities Biotic Potential - Answer The highest possible per capita rare if inc...

Approximately how many species are there on Earth right now? Approximately what percent are animals vs. plants vs. fungi vs. unicellular organisms? How would that change if we looked at estimated species vs. described species? - Answer oThere are millions of species on Earth right now (exact ranges is estimated between 30 million to 2 billion). oAnimals: 63.5% oPlants: 14.4% oFungi: 2.9% oUnicellular: unknown on a grand scale oThese percentages would change drastically if we looked t ...

list the elements of the scientific method - Answer 1. observations 2. questions 3. hypotheses 4. predictions 5. testing (experiments) 6. conclusion explain how falsifiability is key to scientific hypotheses. - Answer -falsifiable: can be ruled out by data -a hypothesis is never proven -if false, it is rejected and no longer considered a possible answer to the original question. -if the data support the hypothesis, it will be accepted until further testing and data show other...