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AMA - Answer - Mid 1800s - Standards of care were initiated - Argued against national health insurance in 1900s Civil War - Answer Catalyzed growth and evolution of hospitals - previously reserved for mentally ill or destitute ill Hill-Burton Act - Answer - 1947 - Funded hospital and other health care facility construction Prepaid Hospital Service Plan - Answer - 1929 -Became model for Blue Cross Blue Shield Funding and Structure - Answer - Private expenditures:...

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First Law of Thermodynamics - Answer energy can neither be created nor destroyed, it can only be transformed or redistributed. Total energy in universe remains constant Second Law of Thermodynamics - Answer entropy (disorder) in the universe is constantly increasing What "life obeys laws of thermodynamic" means? - Answer life is able to exist bc it uses energy from the environment and releases heat, thereby increasing disorder of universe Standard reduction potential (E...

The process of forming a cross wall between two daughter cells during the bacterial cell cycle is called - Answer CYTOKINESIS The collective process of the cytoplasm being divided into the daughter cells is called - Answer cytokinesis Bacteria and archaea mainly reproduce by - Answer binary fission One role of the cell wall in bacteria is to protect cells from bursting due to excessive - Answer turgor pressure The complete sequence of events extending from formation of a ...

What is the role of microbes in maintaining temperature on earth? (Role of microbes in CO2 and CH4 recycling) - Answer - Without the help of microbes to break down organic materials, the progress of life on Earth would be constrained by the fixed amount of materials available to produce biomass - Impact on atmospheric CO2 and CH4 levels, which impacts global climate change - These greenhouse gases accumulate in the atmosphere, forming a "blanket" that traps heat - The Earth would be ...

The primer used in Sanger sequencing _________. - Answer has a nucleotide sequence complementary to the 3' end of the region to be copied To carry out Sanger sequencing a mixture is needed containing _________. - Answer single-stranded DNA, DNA polymerase, complementary DNA primer, and four deoxyribonucleotides A,T,C,G In DNA sequencing. When a dideoxyribonucleotide is added to the daughter strand, replication of the strand ________. - Answer stops To sequence DNA by the San...

metabolism - Answer the sum total of all the chemical reactions that occur within a cell catabolic pathway - Answer breaking down complex organic molecules into their smaller subcomponents which type of reactions are catabolic? - Answer hydrolysis reactions catabolic reactions are ________________________ - Answer energy conserving reactions that provide a ready source of reducing power (electrons) anabolic reactions - Answer the synthesis of complex molecules from the...

Microbes - Answer Photosynthetic microbes changed the Earths atmosphere by releasing oxygen as a byproduct of photosynthesis. Valuable ecosystem services and maintain livability of the Earth. Organism that cannot be seen by the naked eye. NOT ALL MICROBES CAUSE DISEASES! Antimicrobial Agents - Answer Chemicals that kill bacteria; naturally produced by bacteria and fungi as defense mechanisms Chemotherapeutics - Answer General category of chemicals that protect against diseases ...

Morbidity rate is an important parameter used by epidemiologists to measure disease. If there are 10 new cases of measles per 10,000 individuals in a population in a two-month period, the morbidity rate is _______________. - Answer 0.1% The first epidemiologist was ___________. - Answer John Snow Control measures should be directed toward the part of the infectious disease cycle that is _________. - Answer most susceptible to control Brian lives in a town where 98% of the popul...

Carl Woese distinguished between the members of the Archaea and the Bacteria using studies of their - Ribosomal RNA -Messenger RNA -DNA -Transfer RNA - Answer Ribosomal RNA The instrument that produces a bright image of the specimen against a dark background is called a (n) __________ microscope. -Bright-field -Electron -Dark-field -Phase-contrast - Answer Dark-field Antiseptic surgery was pioneered by -Lister -Pasteur -Jenner -Kitasato - Answer Lister The fir...

Microorganisms assimilate large amounts of all of the following except ______ into organic molecules. - Answer sodium An agent that specifically kills fungi but not other kinds of microorganisms is also known as a - Answer Fungicidal Agent Gram staining divides bacterial species into two groups based on differences in cell wall structure. - Answer True Sterilization involves __________ all viable microorganisms. - Answer Killing OR Removing Photoautotrophs use light energ...

When a disease maintains a relatively steady, low-level frequency at a moderately regular interval, it is called _________. - Answer an endemic In the host-parasite relationship, it is advantageous for the parasite to disable and kill its host as quickly as possible. - Answer False An organism that is able to be transmitted from one host to another is said to be _________. - Answer Communicable Generally, exotoxins tend to be more heat stable than endotoxins. - Answer False,...

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Tricuspid area of auscultation - Answer 5th right intercostal space Mitral valve area of auscultation - Answer 5th left intercostal space, mid-clavicular line Primary pulmonic area of auscultation - Answer 2nd left intercostal space Aortic area of auscultation - Answer 2nd right intercostal space, sternal border P-wave - Answer atrial depolarization QRS complex - Answer ventricular depolarization Does the QRS complex represent atrial repolarization? - Answer ...

Nervous system has 3 parts: - Answer Motor, sensory and autonomic ANS - Answer Automatic processes (breathing and blood pressure) and Innervation of internal organs in abdominal cavity, thoracic cavity and smooth muscle of bloodless cells Two parts of ANS - Answer Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Sympathetic system - Answer This system is activated when the body is active and it increases heart rate, increases contractility of myocardium, relaxes m. of bronchi, contracts bloo...

The urinary system is composed of ... - Answer kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra the kidneys contribute to homeostasis by regulating - Answer plasma composition through the elimination of metabolic wastes, toxins, excess ions, and water Functions of the kidney (7) - Answer -regulates volume, composition, and pH of body fluids -regulates acid-base -regulates metabolism (via gluconeogenesis during fasting) -regulates plasma osmolarity (through aquaporin in collecting du...

The pituitary glad has what two lobes? What is the tissue in the middle? - Answer -anterior -posterior -intermediate pituitary tissue What is considered the "president" of the endocrine? What is considered the "vice president" - Answer -hypothalamus -pituitary gland The posterior lobe of the pituitary lobe has how many nuclei? What are they called? - Answer -two -supraoptic -paraventricular What glands does the pituitary gland send signals to? - Answer -adr...

hematocrit - Answer percentage of blood volume that consists of red blood cells - males: 42-45% - females: 37-47% functions of blood - Answer 1. transportation - carries respiratory gases, metabolites - nutrients 2. regulation (hormonal, temperature) 3. protection - clotting, circulatory system protects against blood loss from injury and foreign microbes or toxins introduced into the body - immune, immune function oft he blood is performed by leukocytes that protect against many...

Cell - Answer -The basic structural and functional units of life -All living things are cellular in nature (Amoebas with one cell and humans being multicellular) -There are 50 to 100 trillion cells in the human body Cells have 3 main regions - Answer -Membrane -Cytoplasm -Nucleus Plasmalemma - Answer -AKA Plasma Membrane -The outer thin and flexible membrane of the cell which separates the intracellular from extracellular compartment -Protects from exterior trauma -Contain...

The fundus of the stomach has _______ cells that secrete _______ __________ and ____. - Answer -parietal cells -intrinsic factor (aka gastric IF) -HCL What does intrinsic factor of the parietal cells do? - Answer takes B12 to the ileum for absorption What does HCL- of the parietal cells do? - Answer conversion of pepsinogen to pepsin Chief cells are in the ____ of the stomach and secrete _____________. - Answer -body -pepsinogen What does pepsinogen do? - Answer int...