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AP BIOLOGY UNIT 3 ENZYME EXAM REVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS endergonic reaction - ANSWER-A non-spontaneous chemical reaction in which free energy is absorbed from the surroundings. cooperativity - ANSWER-A kind of allosteric regulation whereby a shape change in one subunit of a protein caused by substrate binding is transmitted to all the others, facilitating binding of subsequent substrate molecules. free energy - ANSWER-The portion of a biological system's energy that can perform wo...

AP BIOLOGY: UNIT 3 (ENZYMES) TEST Q&A Ribozymes - ANSWER-RNA molecules that function as enzymes reactants - ANSWER-substrate, binds to active site Energy Barrier/ Transition state - ANSWER-activation energy, energy needed to start a reaction enzyme-substrate complex - ANSWER-when a substrate binds to the active site of an enzyme inducing strain - ANSWER-enzyme stretches substrate causing it to go into transition state substrate orientation - ANSWER-enzymes bring specific atoms...

AP BIOLOGY TEST #2 MACROMOLECULES AND ENZYMES QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS allosteric regulation - ANSWER-protein's function at one site is affected by binding of regulatory molecule to separate site (noncompetitive). allosteric site - ANSWER-specific receptor site on some part of enzyme molecule remote from active site to which molecules that naturally regulate enzyme activity bind, Act as valves that control rates of key reactions in metabolic pathways ,On/Off switch. cooperativity - AN...

AP BIOLOGY PROTEINS & ENZYMES EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS Peptide bonds - ANSWER-Bonds between amino acids in protein; formed between a carboxyl group and an amino group; with the loss of a water molecule Amino acid - ANSWER-contains NH₂ and COOH groups; proteins are polymers of amino acids Primary structure - ANSWER-The specific sequence of amino acids in a protein; sequence determined by DNA Secondary structure - ANSWER-protein structure formed by Hydrogen bonding betwee...

AP BIOLOGY METABOLISM & ENZYMES EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS Temperature - ANSWER--effect on rate of enzyme activity --optimum temperature ---greatest number of molecular collisions ---human enzymes =35 to 45 degrees Celsius (body temp =37 degrees Celsius) --increase beyond optimum temperature ---increase agitation of molecules disrupts bonds -H, ionic = weak bonds -denaturation = loses 3D shape -decrease temperature --molecules move slower --decrease collisions -different enzym...

AP BIOLOGY FINAL STUDY GUIDE EXAM UNIT 3 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS light dependent reactions - ANSWER--what starts the light dependent reaction- light energy -what is created- two molecules needed for the next stage of photosynthesis (ATP and NADPH) -where it takes place- in plants the light reaction takes place in the thylakoid membranes of organelles called chloroplasts light independent reactions - ANSWER--what starts it-CO2, an enzyme called ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase, adn thr...

AP BIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS A student placed a semipermeable membrane inside a U-shaped channel with two chambers, as shown. The membrane permits the movement of water but not salt. The student wants to vary the rate of osmosis that occurs across the membrane. Which of the following experimental designs will result in the fastest net rate of water movement into chamber A? A. Placing salt water in chamber A and distilled water in chamber B B. Placing distilled water in...

AP BIOLOGY ENZYMES PRACTICE EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS Enzyme's secondary structure - ANSWER-Short range interactions between amino acids can be alpha-helix or beta sheet. Alphas look like spirals, betas look like flat, wavy sheets. Enzyme's tertiary structure - ANSWER-The long range interactions when amino acids interact with other amino acids a long way down the strand, and as they fold over, they form a globular structure. Enzyme's quaternary structure - ANSWER-One globular ...

AP BIOLOGY ENZYMES UNIT 4: EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS Enzyme - ANSWER-- A type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in a living thing - biological catalysts - required for most biological reactions - highly specific Properties of an Enzyme - ANSWER-- reaction specific - not consumed in a reaction - affected by cellular conditions - won't be changed in a reaction. can catalyze 1000 or more reactions *per second* Active Site - ANSWER-- a region on an enzyme that binds t...

AP BIOLOGY ENZYMES AND THERMODYNAMICS EXAM QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE ANSWERS cofactors and ex. - ANSWER-inorganic molecules, like metal ions Fe+2, Zn+2, Mg+2 coenzymes - ANSWER-molecules such as vitamins feedback inhibtion - ANSWER-multi-step metabolic processes are regulated in this way what happens in these processes? - ANSWER-the last product becomes an allosteric inhibitor of the first enzyme. If the 1st enzyme doesn't work, the entire process shuts down metabolism - ANSWER-al...

AP BIOLOGY ENZYMES AND ENERGY TEST QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE ANSWERS Transport Work of Cells - ANSWER-Pumping of substances across membranes against the direction of spontaneous movement Mechanical Work of Cells - ANSWER--Beating of cilia -contraction of muscle cells -movement of chromosomes Energy Coupling - ANSWER-Use of an exergonic process to drive an endergonic one -ATP is responsible for mediating most energy coupling cells -Acts as the immediate source of energy that powers cel...

AP BIOLOGY: ENZYMES & PHOTOSYNTHESIS EXAM Q&A thylakoid - ANSWER-A flattened membranous sac inside the chloroplast, used to carry out the light reactions of photosynthesis. NADPH - ANSWER-An electron carrier involved in photosynthesis. Light drives electrons from chlorophyll to NADP+, forming NADPH, which provides the high-energy electrons for the reduction of carbon dioxide to sugar in the Calvin cycle. electrochemical gradient - ANSWER-The diffusion gradient of an ion, representing a ...

AP BIOLOGY ENZYME AND PHOTOSYNTHESIS TERMS EXAM QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS Carotenoids - ANSWER-Hydrocarbons that are various shades of yellow and orange because they absorb violet and blue-green light Photosystem - ANSWER-Composed of a protein complex called a reaction-center complex surrounded by several light-harvesting complexes Reaction-center Complex - ANSWER-Includes a special pair of chlorophyll a molecules Light-harvesting Complex - ANSWER-Consists of various pigment mo...

AP BIOLOGY CHAPTER 8.4-8.5 TEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS As a result of its involvement in a reaction, an enzyme _____. - ANSWER-is unchanged What is the correct label for "A"? - ANSWER-energy of activation Enzymes are described as catalysts, which means that they _____. - ANSWER-increase the rate of a reaction without being consumed by the reaction Which of the following would be unlikely to contribute to the substrate specificity of an enzyme? - ANSWER-The enzyme has an alloster...

AP BIOLOGY CHAPTER 6- ENERGY AND ENZYME EXAM QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS a group of students designed an experiment using the enzyme catalyses and its substrate hydrogen peroxide. (H2O2) the results are as follows: a) this data confirms the presence of a competitive inhibitor b) this data is useful in the determination of the rate of the enzymatic reaction c) this data is useful to show the concentration of the product of the catalyzed reaction d) this data is useful to ...

AP BIOLOGY - UNIT 3 PART 1 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS potential energy - ANSWER-Stored energy. free energy - ANSWER-Measures the portion of a system's energy that can perform work when temperature and pressure are uniform throughout the system, as in a living cell. endergonic reaction - ANSWER-Reaction that absorbs free energy from its surroundings. exergonic reaction - ANSWER-Reaction that proceeds with a net release of free energy. catalyst - ANSWER-A chemical agent that spee...

AP- BIOLOGY – ENZYMES EXAM Q&A active site - ANSWER-the location on the enzyme where the substrate binds and goes through a chemical reaction. activation energy - ANSWER-Eₐ is the abbreviation used for the energy required to start a reaction. sucrase - ANSWER-An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of sucrose into glucose and fructose Catalase - ANSWER-an enzyme found in most aerobic organisms that breaks down H2O2 to water and oxygen amylase - ANSWER-Enzyme that can break the...

AP BIOLOGY - ENZYMES, UNIT 2 CELL ENERGY AP BIOLOGY TEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS chemiosmosis - ANSWER-A process for synthesizing ATP using the energy of an electrochemical gradient and the ATP synthase enzyme. chemoautotroph - ANSWER-An organism (typically a bacterium or a protozoan) that obtains energy through chemical process, which is by the oxidation of electron donating molecules from the environment, rather than by photosynthesis. chlorophyll - ANSWER-Green pigment in plants that a...

AP BIOLOGY - ENZYMES AND CELLULAR RESPIRATION PRACTICE REVIEW TEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS What is activation energy? How do enzymes affect it? - ANSWER-Activation energy is the energy needed for a chemical reaction to start. Enzymes affect it by acting as catalysts. Catalysts are substances that speed up reactions by lowering the activation energy without altering reaction What is the enzyme-substrate complex? - ANSWER-Enzyme-substrate complex is when enzymes provide a site where reactants ...

AP BIOLOGY - ENZYME VOCABULARY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2025 /2026 Feedback inhibition - ANSWER-A method of metabolic control in which the end product of a metabolic pathway acts as an inhibitor of an enzyme within that pathway. Allosteric regulation - ANSWER-The binding of a regulatory molecule to a protein at one site that affects the function of the protein at a different site. Anabolic pathway - ANSWER-A metabolic pathway that consumes energy to synthesize a complex molecule from...