Examsrevision

Contents Chapter 16: Cancer 2 Chapter 17: Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Imbalances 20 Chapter 18: Preoperative Care 36 Chapter 19: Intraoperative Care 44 Chapter 20: Postoperative Care 52

Contents Chapter 01: Professional Nursing Chapter 02: Social Determinants of Health Chapter 03: Health History and Physical Examination Chapter 04: Patient and Caregiver Teaching Chapter 05: Chronic Illness and Older Adults

Contents Chapter 06: Caring for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer or Questioning, and Gender Diverse Patients Chapter 07: Stress Management Chapter 08: Sleep and Sleep Disorders Chapter 09: Pain Chapter 10: Palliative and End-of-Life Care

Contents Chapter 11: Substance Use Disorders in Acute Care Chapter 12: Inflammation and Healing Chapter 13: Genetics Chapter 14: Immune Responses and Transplantation Chapter 15: Infection

DeWit: Medical-Surgical Nursing: Concepts & Practice, 3rd Edition Chapter_41_42_43_44_45_46_47_48_

MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which percentage of the population that is 85 years of age and older has some stage of Alzheimer disease (AD)? a. 10% b. 20% c. 35% d. 50% ANS: D AD is the most common degenerative disease of the brain. Approximately 5.3 million Americans have AD (Alzheimer Association, 2010), and there is no known cause or cure. AD typically affects people over 65 years of age, but can also strike younger people. The 85- year-old and over age group is currently the fastest-growing ...

MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Approximately what percentage of the U.S. population is affected with schizophrenia? a. 1 % b. 2 % c. 3 % d. 4 % ANS: A Schizophrenia is the most common thought disorder. It is estimated that 1.1% of the general population is affected with schizophrenia, and in the United States this represents 2.4 million Americans. PTS:1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: 1109 OBJ:1 (theory) TOP: Schizophrenia: Incidence KEY: Nursing Process Step: Planning MSC: NCLEX...

MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. The alcoholic patient says to the nurse, “I am not an alcoholic. I can quit any time I want to.” The nurse recognizes that the patient is using which defense mechanism? a. Repression b. Denial c. Rationalization d. Intellectualization ANS: B Denial is ignoring reality in spite of hard evidence. Denial is a mechanism frequently used by substance abusers. Repression refers to unconsciously blocking an unwanted thought or memory from open expression. Rationalizatio...

MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. A diving accident occurs at the community pool and the victim is conscious and in pain. Which intervention is most appropriate pending the arrival of emergency medical personnel? a. Position the patient on the side of the pool. b. Move the patient to the shallow end and cover with a towel c. Leave the patient in the pool and support with a large float. d. Leave the patient in the pool and attempt cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). ANS: C Care should be taken to a...

Contents Chapter 41: Vascular Disorders Chapter 42: Shock, Sepsis, and Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome Chapter 43: Assessment: Gastrointestinal System Chapter 44: Nutrition Problems Chapter 45: Obesity

MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. The nurse observes a coworker who is always behind because he checks and rechecks the accuracy of his medication dosages. Even after being reassured his dosages are correct, he checks them again. The nurse suspects her coworker suffers from which disorder? a. Perfectionism b. Phobic disorder c. Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) d. General anxiety disorder ANS: C When a person has an OCD, he experiences an obsession, recurrent, or intrusive thoughts that he cannot ...

MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. The nurse is bathing a patient with poison ivy. Which action is most appropriate? a. Bathe the patient with warm water. b. Maintain a room temperature of 78° to 80° F to prevent chills. c. Cover vesicles with gauze dressings. d. Pat skin dry. ANS: D Patting the skin dry will decrease irritation and will not break vesicles. Heat (both water and room temperatures) will exacerbate itching. Vesicles should not be covered with dressings. PTS:1 DIF: Cognitive Level: A...

MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. The nurse explains differences between an emergency situation and a disaster to high school class. Which statement is true? a. An emergency consists of fewer than 50 people who require emergent treatment. b. In an emergency situation, the local emergency rooms can meet the need. c. An emergency situation lacks the need for a prearranged management plan. d. In an emergency situation, the community population is not affected by the event. ANS: B An emergency situation...

MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. What underlying pathophysiology explains the gradual graying of an older adult’s hair? a. Reduced hair follicles b. Less sebaceous gland activity c. Loss of collagen fibers in dermis d. Decreased melanocytes at hair follicle ANS: D Reduction in melanocytes at the hair follicle is the cause of graying hair. A reduction in the number of hair follicles will result in thinning hair. Reduced sebaceous gland activity and collagen will result in drying. PTS:1 DIF: Cogn...

DeWit: Medical-Surgical Nursing: Concepts & Practice, 3rd Edition Chapters_31_32_33_34_35_36_37_38_36_40_

MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. The nurse is caring for a homosexual man with a rectal tear and inflamed rectal tissue. The nurse understands that these findings increase the patient’s risk for which disorder? a. An abscess b. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection c. Hemorrhoids d. Rectal hemorrhage ANS: B Open lesions and inflamed tissue increase the risk of HIV infection. PTS:1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: 941 OBJ:7 (theory) TOP: Exposure to HIV KEY: Nursing Process S...

MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. In counseling a man with erectile dysfunction about a prescription for sildenafil (Viagra), when should the nurse suggest a different treatment? a. The patient is over 50 years of age. b. The patient takes nitroglycerin for angina. c. The patient is more than 50 pounds overweight. d. The patient is a long-term diabetic. ANS: B Viagra is contraindicated if the patient is also taking nitrates because the combination can cause significant hypotension. Age, weight, and ...

MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. The nurse is explaining the underlying pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes to a newly diagnosed patient. Which information accurately explains why the type 1 diabetic does not produce adequate insulin? a. A pituitary disorder inhibits beta cells. b. An allergic response alters beta cell responses to hyperglycemia. c. Alpha cells proliferated in the islets of Langerhans. d. The body’s immune system destroyed beta cells. ANS: D In type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM), the b...

MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. The patient complains to the nurse about a sharp pain in the lower quadrants every month at mid cycle that lasts for several hours. This description is consistent with which underlying pathophysiological process? a. Round ligament stretching to support the uterus b. Mittelschmerz, a pain associated with ovulation c. Premenstrual uterine enlargement d. Endometrial changes ANS: B Mittelschmerz is a pain in either lower quadrant associated with ovulation. There is no s...

MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Pituitary adenoma antagonizes insulin. This benign tumor results in which imbalance? a. Hyperinsulinism b. Hyperglycemia c. Hypopituitarism d. Hypoglycemia ANS: B The tumor interferes with the effectiveness of insulin, resulting in hyperglycemia. PTS:1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: 855, Key Points OBJ:1 (clinical) TOP: Pituitary Tumor: Effects KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation 2....