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80% of blood __________ to the Right Ventricle - correct answer -Passively flows (via gravity) The remaining 20% of blood needs ______ to flow to RV. - correct answer -Atrial contraction Impulse for atrial contraction starts at the ________ in the ___________ of the right atria. - correct answer -SA node Crista terminalis The impulse from the SA node travels to the ________ where it is significantly ________ due to its __________ fibers. - correct answer -AV node Slowed down Small di...

80% of blood __________ to the Right Ventricle - correct answer -Passively flows (via gravity) The remaining 20% of blood needs ______ to flow to RV. - correct answer -Atrial contraction Impulse for atrial contraction starts at the ________ in the ___________ of the right atria. - correct answer -SA node Crista terminalis The impulse from the SA node travels to the ________ where it is significantly ________ due to its __________ fibers. - correct answer -AV node Slowed down Small di...

Which subluxation hypotheses occurs most commonly in chiropractic practice? a. somatosomatic b. somatoautonomic c. neuroimmunomodulation d. psychosomatic - correct answera. somatosomatic The intradiscal pressure is the least in which position? a. walking b. standing c. sitting d. lying prone - correct answerd. lying prone Pressure in the lumbar disc is increased most in which of the following positions? a. standing b. sitting c. sitting, bending forward d. sitting, bendin...

Which nerve is not located in the carotid triangle? A. vagus nerve B. accessory nerve C. hypoglossal nerve D. cervical sympathetic chain - correct answer -B. accessory nerve The sternal angle lies at the level of what IVD? A. T2/T3 B. T3/T4 C. T4/T5 D. T5/T6 - correct answer -C. T4/T5 The skin dimples over the posterior superior iliac spines are at which spinal level? A. L4 B. L5 C. S1 D. S2 - correct answer -D. S2 -sup. part of iliac crests is at L4/L5 Which of the follo...

Made first microscope - correct answer -Von leeuwenhoek Washing hands to reduce puerperal fever - correct answer -Semmelweis Disproved spontaneous generation - correct answer -Pasteur Antiseptic surgery - correct answer -Lister Koch's postulates - correct answer -Organism must be observed in every case of dz Organism must be isolated and grown in pure culture Organism must cause the dz when injected into susceptible animal Organism must be recovered from experimental animal and i...

This ossifying hematoma is found in the adduction magnus muscle and is common in horseback riders. Which condition does this represent? a. pseudosarcoma b. prussian's disease c. paget's disease d. multiple myeloma - correct answer -B. Prussian's disease (Myositis Ossificans) Dawbarn's sign has an indication of a. posterior shoulder dislocation b. subacromial bursitis c. rotator cuff tear d. lateral disc protrusion - correct answer -B. Subacromial bursitis Rotator cuff tear is a...

24 year old female presents with hand pain and shiny skin on her arms and hands. Provocative cold environment and cryotherapy. X-ray shows erosions of distal tufts and calcinosis in hands. - correct answer -Scleroderma Scleroderma • Most likely differential diagnoses: - correct answer -1) Acro-Osteolysis 2) Calcinosis Cutis 3) Systemic Sclerosis Scleroderma Most likely associated signs: - correct answer -1) Raynaud's Phenomenon 2) Skin hardening 3) Increase ANA Scleroderma Mo...

Foraminal Compression Test - correct answer -The patient is seated and actively rotates head from side to side. Then the doctor exerts downward pressure and the head is rotated to each side with pressure. Positive Radicular Pain -> Nerve Root Compression Positive Local Pain -> Foraminal Encroachment Jackson's Compression Test - correct answer -The patient is seated and the doctor laterally flexes the patient head to the left and the right and applies downward pressure. Posti...

Foraminal Compression Test - correct answer -The patient is seated and actively rotates head from side to side. Then the doctor exerts downward pressure and the head is rotated to each side with pressure. Positive Radicular Pain -> Nerve Root Compression Positive Local Pain -> Foraminal Encroachment Jackson's Compression Test - correct answer -The patient is seated and the doctor laterally flexes the patient head to the left and the right and applies downward pressure. Posti...

nerve - correct answer -type of pain that is sharp, stabbing, or shooting-described as burning or pins and needles bone - correct answer -type of pain that is poorly localized and deep/boring visceral - correct answer -type of pain that is cramping, colicky, dull/achy- sometimes difficult to describe muscular - correct answer -type of pain that is dull and achy- at times burning vascular - correct answer -type of pain that is cold, pulsatile/throbbing MI - correct answer -what do ...

A reflex muscle spasm which results from proprioceptive irritation is mediated by _______________ neuron? - correct answer -Gamma motor ___________________ is most apt to lead to altered axoplasmic flow in a neuron? - correct answer -Intra-neural microcirculation ischemia Radio-humeral subluxation that entraps the posterior interosseous nerve root most likely manifests in? - correct answer -Extensor muscles to the forearm Which subluxation is characterized by anterior displacement of th...

What does the acronym HIPPIRONEL stand for? - correct answer -History Inspection Palpation Percussion Instrumentation Ranges of Motion Orthopedics Neurological (E)x-ray Laboratory Your notes on the present illness should include what information? - correct answer -Location Mechanism Neurological Onset Pallative/Provocative factors Quality of pain Radiation/Referral Severity/Site/Setting Timing What should be included in a patient's past history? - correct answer -Immuniza...

correct answer -lowenstein jensen- for mycobacterium species/tb sabouraud- used for fungi/yeast/mold hektoen agar- selective for gram negative agents, as contents (salt/dye) prevent gram positive agents from growing. selective for salmonella/shigella macconkey agar- selective for gram negative enteric bacteria such as e-coli/staph/enterococcus/pseudomonas examination of his chest reveals stony dull percussion notes in the base of the right lung. which is the most likely explanation...

MC primary malignancy of bone, malignant proliferation of plasma cells infiltrating bone marrow. Can cause pathological collapse of vertebrae aka vertebral plana or wafer thin. Bone scan cold even though its a malignancy - correct answer -MM aka plasma cell sarcoma Moth eaten or permeative pattern of destrxn. Eats away at pedicle of bone. Swiss cheese appearance in the skull. Alkaline phosphatase is up. Use Bone scan - correct answer -lytic mets 20-40 yo. Ivory vertebrae, anterior body sca...

A 40 year old male presents w/ posterior ankle swelling. He reports that he heard a "pop" from his ankle when he landed awkwardly after a jump. Which ortho test? - correct answer -Thompson The case hx of a patient w/ Guillain Barre Syndrome is most likely to include which? - correct answer -recent vaccination Which of these complaints is most characteristic of cervical spondylotic myelopathy? - correct answer -difficulty walking and neck pain A patient w/ recurring unilateral periorbi...

What is the formula for calculating target heart rate? - correct answer -(((220-age) - resting HR) x heart rate range from .6-.9) + resting HR) What HR range do you use to calculate target HR for a couch potato or post MI patient? - correct answer -.6 What HR range do you use to calculate target HR for a well trained athlete? - correct answer -.9 What HR range do you use to calculate target HR for a normal patient? - correct answer -.75 How does target HR vary for older patients? - c...

Depth of UV - correct answer -superficial 1-2 mm (skin) Depth of Infrared - correct answer -superficial 8-10 mm (vascular) Depth of Microwave Diathermy - correct answer -deep Depth of Shortwave Diathermy - correct answer -deep Depth of Ultrasound - correct answer -deepest! 4-8 cm Best Modality for Herpes Zoster - correct answer -UV and ultrasound Best modality for Diabetes Mellitus - correct answer -Infrared If open growth centers, do NOT use what modalities? (3) - correc...

radiculopathy - correct answer -LMNL, dermatogenous pain, lateral flexion, rotation, IVF neuropathy - correct answer -LMNL, PNE, extremity, causalgia(burning nerve pain) myelopathy - correct answer -UMNL, neck flexion, bilateral symptoms UMNL - correct answer -spastic paralysis, increased DTR, path reflex present, clonus present, hypertrophy of muscle, absent fasciculations and superficial reflexes LMNL - correct answer -flaccid paralysis, decreased DTR, absent path reflex, absent cl...

prolactin - correct answer -hormone responsible for milk production in mother oxytocin - correct answer -hormone responsible for uterine contraction corpus luteum - correct answer -where estrogen and progesterone are produced corpus albicans - correct answer -fibrosus of corpus luteum corpus atertica - correct answer -shrinks progesterone - correct answer -what hormone is responsible for no ovulation and monophasic cycle paraurethral - correct answer -where are skene's glands ...

unilateral thumb - correct answer -what move do you use for kyphotic adult with osteoporis and Dowager's hump superior - correct answer -how does first rib usually subluxate? PMS - correct answer -MC rib listing angle of rib - correct answer -what do you contact for rib adjustment true - correct answer -true or false: rib prominency is on side of body rotation side posture - correct answer -preferred method of adjusting lumbars supine KC - correct answer -spondylolisthesis adj...