Brainarium

The process whereby a person learns their culture is called_______ - CORRECT ANSWER-enculturation The process in which an organism adjusts successfully to a specific environment is called______ - CORRECT ANSWER-adaptation Horticultural groups engaged in what type of subsistence economy? - CORRECT ANSWER-Farming using human labor and simple tools Tribal societies generally consisted of autonomous bands capable of independently sustaining themselves, who joined together for what purposes? -...

NSG 460 EXAM PACKAGE DEAL.

which areas must be intact to interpret the sensation of a needle prick - CORRECT ANSWER-lateral spinothalamic tract, thalamus, sensory cortex A patient with a lack of oxygen to his heart will have pain in his chest and possibly in the shoulder, arms, or jaw. The nurse knows that the best explanation why this occurs is which one of these statements - CORRECT ANSWER-the sensory cortex does not have the ability to localize pain in the heart; consequently, the pain is felt elsewhere The abili...

When the pt is in neurogenic shock, the nurse will assess for: A. mental confusion and tachycardia B. bradycardia and hypotension C. unilateral pupil dilation and hypotension D. hypertension and tachypnea - CORRECT ANSWER-B. bradycardia and hypotension Which of the following is descriptive of a concussion? A. venous blood collects in the subdural space B. petechial hemorrhages cause intermittent amnesia C. a lesion develops opposite the site of trauma D. it is a transient neuronal dysfu...

Cellular Perfusion -adequate cellular perfusion means... 1.) adequate circulation 2.) adequate cardiac output 3.) adequate vasomotor tone -these allow us to meet the cellular demands and simultaneously remove waste products efficiently Another term for shock is inadequate delivery of oxygen to the cells. Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) -the MAP is what drives cellular perfusion -a normal MAP is 70 to 100 -ideally, we want a MAP that is >60 in order to adequately perfuse Hypoperfusion...

The Typical Trauma Victim -male, 15-24, intoxicated, low income Head Injuries Statistics -typical patient is male, 15-24, intoxicated, low income -ETOH often involved -500,000/yr with brain damage Trauma Statistics -leading cause of death ages 1-40 -350,000 permanently disabled per year -$87,000,000,000 cost per year Spinal Trauma Statistics -16-30 yr olds -50% c-spine -MVC, violence, falls -male, 15-24, intoxicated, low income -8-10,000 new a yr2 Types Of Mechanical Trauma -blun...

Cardiovascular Problems CV Problems Are Related to... -the pump (contractility) -the pipes (afterload) -the fluid (preload) Hemodynamics Stroke Volume (SV) the volume that goes into the ventricles that will be ejected out How do we calculate cardiac output (CO)? CO = HR x SV What is the fundamental issue with any cardiovascular dysfuntion? -end organ perfusion ^are we sending out enough oxygenated blood in order for our other organs to be perfused?Cardiac Dysfunction Neuro -altere...

Mental Status Exam • a wide spectrum in order to assess the patient's mental status • useful for if a patient is comatose, somnolent, obtunded, lethargic, confused, or alert & oriented • changes in mental status don't have to be as drastic as alert to comatose; they can be as simple as alert to lethargic What is an acute change in mental status? • occurs when a patient has a change from their baseline Neuro • infection, tumor, trauma, CVA, psychiatric CV/Pulmonary • ...

What are the risk factors for developing a blood clot? - CORRECT ANSWER-Immobility, clotting factors, elderly people (aging), pregnancy, weight, long periods of sitting and standing What would you expect to be the cause of unilateral swollen epitrochlear lymph nodes and what symptoms would they likely to have? - CORRECT ANSWER-Surgery and Cancer. Epitrochlear greater than 5 mm (more than 6 mm is worrisome), hard, nonmobile Concerning: Epitrochlear, Supraclavicular, Unilateral inguinal No...

What concerns us with arrhythmia? - CORRECT ANSWER-We are concerned with their effect on the heart as a pump. Arrhythmias can mean the heart is beating too fast or slow for effective pumping or there is no pumping. What are concerns with Supraventricular tachycardia - CORRECT ANSWER-It can tire the heart and contribute to inadequate filling of the heart. What type of rhythm is associated with atrial fibrillation? - CORRECT ANSWER-No p waves, irregularly regular How do we know if a person ...

When the nurse is performing a testicular examination on a 25-year-old man, which finding is considered normal? - CORRECT ANSWER-Testes that feel oval and movable and are slightly sensitive to compression The nurse is inspecting the scrotum and testes of a 43-year-old man. Which finding would require additional follow-up and evaluation? - CORRECT ANSWER-a. Skin on the scrotum is taut. A 55-year-old man is experiencing severe pain of sudden onset in the scrotal area. It is somewhat relie...

Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) - CORRECT ANSWER-- a scale used to assess the degree of mental status changes - 14-15 = mild. someone who is confused, awake and alert - 9-13= moderate - 8 or less = severe. typically call them comatose (varying degrees of this) Criteria for GCS - CORRECT ANSWER-EYE OPENING (4) - spontaneous = 4 - to voice = 3 - to touch = 2 - none = 1 VERBAL RESPONSE (5) - oriented = 5 - confused = 4 - inappropriate = 3 - incoherent = 2 - none = 1 MOTOR RESPONSE (6) - f...

What is the overall purpose of the immune system? -to distinguish self from non-self -we do this through our WBCs Three Main Problems Immune System Doesn't Work -example: AIDS or immunosuppression Immune System Attacks Itself -example: autoimmune disorder Immune System Goes Overboard -example: anaphylaxis Who is considered immunosupressed? -chemotherapy patients -infants ^their immune system has not developed fully -geriatrics ^have immuno-depression as they ageWhite Blood Cell...

Cellular Perfusion -adequate cellular perfusion means... 1.) adequate circulation 2.) adequate cardiac output 3.) adequate vasomotor tone -these allow us to meet the cellular demands and simultaneously remove waste products efficiently Another term for shock is inadequate delivery of oxygen to the cells. Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) -the MAP is what drives cellular perfusion -a normal MAP is 70 to 100 -ideally, we want a MAP that is >60 in order to adequately perfuse Hypoperfusion...

Umbilical cord 2 arteries and one vein liver in infants/children takes up more space in abdomen at birth lower edge palpated 0.5-2.5 cm bladder in infants/children higher in abdomen than adults pregnancy abdominal changes visible striae n/v pregnancy progesterone causes relaxation of esophageal sphincter and alters gastric tone (heartburn) constipation gallbladder is sluggish (sludge or stones) pregnancy stomach and intestinal displacement bowel sounds diminished appendix in RUQ ...

Through the use of smartphones and apps, patients are now able to engage in new ways with their health records. Which of the following are appropriate uses of mobile technology? A. Pay Bills online B. Request prescription refills C. Download information from their record D. Submit patient-generated data to the health system All of the above T/F: Software cost is the number one reason physicians infrequently communicate with their patients via e-mail. False Which one of the following i...

Renal Labs BUN and Creatinine (Cr) -Cr is more specific to kidney function -BUN fluctuates with fluid status ^BUN may be increased if the patient is fluid depleted, but Cr is ok AKI/Acute Renal Failure -acute renal failure in the critically ill/injured patient can be caused by hypovolemia or decreased renal perfusion -we worry about not getting enough blood throughout the body Prerenal Kidney Injury -reminiscent of hypovolemia or early shock -decreased fluid volume, leads to decreased...

What are the two types of mechanical trauma? Blunt and penetrating examples of blunt trauma MVC and Falls examples of penetrating trauma Gunshot and stab wound What could be a result of rapid deceleration with a blunt trauma? • spinal hyper flexion/extension "lipstick sign" • Organs moving at different speed tear What could be a result of compression/crush with a blunt trauma? against objects and within the body • ex. falls What would we look at with a penetrating gunshot...

Pain Transmission Can be Blocked at a Number of Sites 1. At the Site of Injury • NSAIDS, ice, splint 2. At Opiate Receptors In the Brain/Spinal Cord • opiates 3. In the Peripheral and Spinal Nerves and Topically • local anesthetics 4. In the Higher Brain • massage, distraction, antidepressants, and sedatives Pain Control • for the most part it is good to mix different pain control methods • better control with fewer side effects • for example, ice + toradol + morphine ...

The top-down approach to investing generally includes the idea that: - CORRECT ANSWER-The price of a stock is based on external factors, such as the economy, not just facts about the company itself Investors often use financial futures to hedge portfolios against which of the following types of risk? - CORRECT ANSWER-Market risk An investor writes an uncovered DPM Oct 55 call for a premium of 9. What is the maximum profit that the investor could realize? - CORRECT ANSWER-$900 Which of the...