Brainarium

Pain An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage. Chronic Pain Constant or intermittent pain that persists beyond the expected healing time, lasting more than 3 months. Assessment The process of gathering information about a patient's pain, including location, onset, timing, type, associated symptoms, aggravating/alleviating factors, radiation, and precipitating events. Goals for Pain Management The desired outcomes of pain manag...

Which of the following statements is NOT correct regarding lipolysis? a. Lipolysis is stimulated by epinephrine b. Lipolysis is inhibited by glucagon c. Lipolysis involves the breakdown of triglycerides into glycerol and fatty acids. d. Lipolysis occurs in adipose tissue and liver cells e. Lipolysis is catalyzed by the enzyme lipase - CORRECT ANSWER-b. Lipolysis is inhibited by glucagon Which of the following statements regarding the pancreas is correct? a. The pancreas is located poster...

Different strains of the same bacterial species (e.g. Escherichia coli) can differ in their ability to cause disease. True/ False - CORRECT ANSWER-True You need to fill in the boxes of the concept map shown above. Which of the following microbes would be classified as cellular and containing a nucleus? (Select FOUR) Protozoa Bacteria Fungi Helminths Viruses Algae - CORRECT ANSWER-Protozoa Fungi Helminths Algae Healthcare associated infections can occur in a/an: a) home care arran...

Basics of Urination - CORRECT ANSWER-- Process of emptying the bladder through urethra to outside of body - Involves the bladder filling progressively until tension in its walls rise above threshold level - As well as the micturition reflex Urinary Elimination - CORRECT ANSWER-Process of emptying the bladder through the urethra to outside of the body Bowel Elimination - CORRECT ANSWER-Discharge of feces from the body Defecation - CORRECT ANSWER-Discharge of feces from the body Micturiti...

microbes organisms or agents that are normally too small to see with the unaided eye microbes are ubiquitous (everywhere) molds are multicellular eukaryotes bacteria is single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus; prokaryotes protozoa are unicellular eukaryotes viruses are acellular yeast is a unicellular eukaryote T or F different strains of the same bacterial species (e.g. Escherichia coli) can differ in their ability to cause disease TRUE Increased susceptibility to Clostridi...

What two documents sets govern nurses in practice in BC? - CORRECT ANSWER-1. Health Professions Act- Umbrella statute by which gov't has established common regulatory system for the province's health professions. Enacted by Legislative Assembly of BC in 1990. 2. Bylaws (BCCNP)- Legal rules made UNDER the HPA by and for EACH of the colleges. Provide detailed, profession-specific framework for each college's governance and operations. Enacted by the college board, subject to oversig...

Drug interactions - CORRECT ANSWER-- occurs when a drug is given along with another drug, food, or substance Effects of drug interactions - CORRECT ANSWER-- increase or decrease the therapeutic effect - create a new effect - create an adverse effect Where do drug-drug interactions occur? - CORRECT ANSWER-- at the site of absorption - during distribution - during metabolism - during excretion - at the site of action At site of absorption (drug-drug) - CORRECT ANSWER-- one drug prevent...

Nutrition The science of optimal cellular metabolism and its impact on health and disease -requires oral intake, digestion and absorption Malnutrition (suboptimal nutrition) Either: - insufficient nutrition - excess nutrition Macronutrients Essential sources of energy: - carbohydrates (Includes simple sugars such as glucose, sucrose, and fructose, as well as complex carbohydrates, 4 kal/g) - proteins (Required for growth and maintenance of body tissues, enzymes, and antibody formatio...

physiological factor - CORRECT ANSWER-Physiological differences such as the diurnal rhythm of the nervous and endocrine systems, acid-base balance, hydration, and electrolyte balance can affect how a drug works on the body and the way that the body handles the drug. pathological factors - CORRECT ANSWER-the disease that the drug is intended to treat can change the functioning of the chemical reactions within the body and thus change the response to the drug. genetic factors - CORRECT ANSW...

What are the factors for how fast a drug dissolves? Stomach acidity, blood flow, drug formulation (size, pH, other foods, meds) What does iron do for absorption of antibiotics? Delays absorption What does fatty foods do for food absorption? Slows absorption When is absorption slowest? Rectal administration When is absorption the fastest? IV Why do we enterally coat some medications? Protect meds from acidity of stomach What is pharmacokinetics? The way the body deals with the drug ...

What is perfusion? Pumping oxygenated blood to the tissues and return deoxygenated blood to the lungs What is central perfusion? Force of blood movement generated by cardiac output What is tissue perfusion? Blood flow through tissues What is afterload? Resistance to the ejection of blood from each ventricle What is contractility? Force of heart contracting, independent of preload What is preload? Tension generated due to the stretch of myocardial fibres at the end of diastole What d...

Infectious disease An infection that cause damage &/or disruption to tissues and organs resulting in signs and symptoms Infection defined as the state produced by the invasion of a host or population by a microbial agent (invasion of sterile tissue) Commensals have colonized the surface of the body but not in the tissues Chronic/persistent infection persistent over a long time (maybe asymptomatic)•Body unable to eliminate the microbes•Microbes can be detected in tissues and shed co...

What can we do as nurses to help minimize the risks associated with polypharmacy? 1. Understand the meds and potential interactions 2. Collaborate with physician and pharmacist 3. Advocate for medication review How can drug absorption be affected in older adults? Reduced gastric pH, reduction in blood flow, decreased peristalsis, decreased stomach elasticity, decreased tone of sphincters How can drug distribution be affected in older adults? Decreased water, decreased protein, decreased ...

What are the priorities of care for a patient experiencing an eclamptic seizure? (Select all that apply.) Assess breathing. Administer oxygen. Protect the patient from injury. Which of the following are signs of magnesium toxicity in a patient? (Select all that apply.) Central nervous system depression Absent deep tendon reflexes Respiratory rate of 10 breaths/minute Patients with severe preeclampsia are at risk for developing acute pulmonary edema. What can the nurse do to prevent th...

The nurse knows to implement seizure precautions for Ms. Jones because of her severe preeclampsia. Which of the following actions would the nurse take? (Select all that apply.) A) Pad the side rails B) Have oxygen available C) Bring suction equipment to the bedside D) Place the patient's arms and legs in restraints E) Insert a tongue depressor into the patient's mouth - CORRECT ANSWER-A,B,C Rationale:The side rails are padded for safety. Oxygen and suction equipment are at the bed...

Which of the following findings from the nurse's assessment of the pt with severe preeclampsia would indicate central nervous system involvement? - CORRECT ANSWER-- Visual changes - 4+ deep tendon reflexes - Positive clonus Rationale: Hyperactive reflexes, presence of clonus, and visual changes are all signs of CNS involvement. The absence of DTRs and negative clonus are not significant findings in the pt with preeclampsia. Which of the following are signs of magnesium toxicity in a p...

Which of the following is the definition of preeclampsia? - CORRECT ANSWERHypertension with proteinuria, which develops after 20 weeks of gestation Rationale: Preeclampsia is a disorder of the second half of pregnancy. It is characterized by the presence of pregnancy-related hypertension and proteinuria. The presence of seizures changes the diagnosis to eclampsia. Preexisting hypertension is not considered preeclampsia; however, if the patient develops proteinuria after 20 weeks of gestatio...

A patient with preeclampsia is admitted with viral signs as follows: Temp 98.6F, HR 110 bpm, RR 28, BP 182/116, O2 92%. The FHR is 150. Which of the following interventions would the nurse implement based on the findings? - CORRECT ANSWER-Administer Oxygen The nurse knows to implement seizure precautions for Ms. Jones because of her severe preeclampsia. Which of the following actions would the nurse take? - CORRECT ANSWER-Bring suction equipment Have O2 available Pad side rails Monitori...

Olivia Jones is admitted with a diagnosis of preeclampsia at 36 weeks of gestation. Which assessment finding(s) are consistent with a diagnosis of preeclampsia with severe features? (Select all that apply.) Reports of nausea Blood pressure 182/116 mm Hg Weight gain 3.3 lb (1.5kg) in 7 days Reports of fatigue Deep tendon reflexes 4+ Urine dipstick protein 4+ Reports of epigastric pain Reports of headache Reports of facial edema Reports of blurry vision - CORRECT ANSWER-Reports of naus...

Olivia Jones is admitted with a diagnosis of preeclampsia at 36 weeks of gestation. Which assessment finding(s) are consistent with a diagnosis of preeclampsia with severe features? (Select all that apply.) - CORRECT ANSWERReports of nausea, Blood pressure 182/116 mm Hg, Weight gain 3.3 lb (1.5kg) in 7 days, Deep tendon reflexes 4+, Urine dipstick protein 4+, Reports of epigastric pain, Reports of headache, Reports of facial edema, Reports of blurry vision The fetus is at risk for _ due to ...