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Examen
PNB 2XB3 - Vestibular and Motor System Questions and Answers | Latest Update 2024/2025
What are the three ways in which the head can rotate in? 
 ~~> Yaw: z axis (saying no) 
 Pitch: y axis (saying yes) 
 Roll: x axis 
What are the semicircular canals filled with? 
 ~~> endolymph 
What is the vestibular labyrinth composed of? what are the functions of 
each? 
 ~~> - utricle and saccule: detect head tilt and linear acceleration 
- semicircular canals: detect head rotation 
What are the two otholith organs? 
 ~~> saccule and utricle 
macula 
 ~~> receptor epithelium,...
Examen
PNB 2XB3 FULL Study Guide Questions and Answers | Latest Update 2024/2025
PopularA-alpha conduction velocity? 
 ~~> 80-120 m/s 
A-beta conduction velocity? 
 ~~> 35-75 m/s 
A-delta conduction velocity? 
 ~~> 5-30 m/s 
C-fibers conduction velocity? 
 ~~> 0.5-2 m/s 
A-alpha axon diameter? 
 ~~> 13-20 microns 
A-beta axon diameter? 
 ~~> 6-12 microns 
A-delta axon diameter? 
2 | P a g e | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+ 
Master01 | September, 2024/2025 | Latest update 
 ~~> 1-5 microns 
C-fibers axon diameter? 
 ~~> 0.2-1.5 microns 
Synaptic cleft wid...
Examen
Pnb 2Xb3 Study Guide | Complete Pnb 2Xb3 Exam Review Questions And Answers 2026/2027
NuevoPnb 2Xb3 Study Guide | Complete Pnb 2Xb3 Exam Review Questions And Answers 2026/2027
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Pnb 2Xb3 Exam Complete Package Deal
Pnb 2Xb3 Exam Complete Package Deal
Examen
PNB 2XB3 – Neural Development & Axon Guidance 2025/2026 | 100+ Verified Q&A on Neurulation, Cell Migration, Chemoattractants, Growth Cones, Trophic Factors & Visual Plasticity
This exam prep document for PNB 2XB3 – Neural Development includes 100+ fully accurate and A+ graded questions and answers, aligned with the 2025/2026 neuroscience curriculum. Covered topics include embryonic stem cell differentiation, ectodermal layering (neuroectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm), neurulation stages, floorplate/roofplate roles, spina bifida, neurogenesis, symmetrical/asymmetrical division, and neural crest cell migration. It also explores mechanisms of axon guidance (growth cones, c...
Examen
PNB 2XB3 – Vestibular & Motor Systems Midterm 2025/2026 | 100+ Verified Q&A on Head Rotation, VOR, Corticospinal Tracts, Motor Cortex, ALS, BPPV & Muscle Disorders
This exam guide contains 100+ fully verified questions and answers for PNB 2XB3 covering the Vestibular and Motor Systems topics for the 2025/2026 academic year. Major subjects include vestibular anatomy (utricle, saccule, semicircular canals), head rotation (yaw, pitch, roll), cupula/endolymph mechanics, vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR), and disorders such as BPPV, oscillopsia, and positional alcohol nystagmus. The motor section covers the primary and premotor cortex (Brodmann areas 4 and 6), cort...
Examen
PNB 2XB3 – Midterm 2 Somatosensory Systems 2025/2026 | 100+ Correct Q&A on Mechanoreceptors, DCML Pathway, Nociceptors, Pain Processing & Cortical Columns
This detailed midterm guide contains 100+ correct and up-to-date questions with answers for PNB 2XB3 (Midterm 2) on somatosensory neuroscience, based on the 2025/2026 curriculum. Key topics include mechanoreceptor types (Merkel, Meissner, Pacinian, Ruffini), dermatome mapping, DCML and anterolateral pathways, nociceptor physiology, A-delta and C-fiber function, pain processing, TRP channels (e.g., TRPV1), referred pain, central and peripheral sensitization, hyperalgesia, allodynia, and cortical ...
Examen
PNB 2XB3 Questions and Answers Latest Update 2025/2026
PNB 2XB3 Questions and Answers Latest Update 2025/2026 
neuroscience - Answers the study of neurons and the nervous systems 
what fields does neuroscience intersect with? - Answers chemistry, biology, physics, math 
cns - Answers central nervous system; brain and spinal cord 
pns - Answers peripheral nervous system; anything not surrounded by bone 
glial cell functions - Answers 1. myelinating axons 
2. maintaining ionic environment 
3. responding to damage 
nissl stain - Answers stains rna to r...
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PNB 2XB3 Bundled Exams Questions and Answers |100% Pass
PNB 2XB3 Bundled Exams Questions and Answers |100% Pass
Examen
PNB 2XB3 - Neural Development Exam Study Guide with Complete Solutions
PNB 2XB3 - Neural Development Exam 
Study Guide with Complete Solutions 
Mitosis - Answer-process of one cell dividing in two 
(Embryonic) Stem Cells - Answer-precursors to all types of cells 
Pluripotent - Answer-potential to become any type of cell 
Ectoderm - Answer-brain and skin (outer layer) 
Mesoderm - Answer-muscle, blood, bone, cartilage (middle layer) 
Germline - Answer-sperm and eggs 
Endoderm - Answer-lung, gut, and liver (inside layer) 
Day 18 of gestation - Answer-neural plate deve...
Examen
PNB 2XB3 - Auditory System Study Guide with Complete Solutions
PNB 2XB3 - Auditory System Study 
Guide with Complete Solutions 
Sound waves are ___; compression is __ of a wave, rarefaction is ___ - Answer- 
longitudinal - move like a slinky; top; bottom 
Period - Answer-the time taken for one up-down cycle (wavelength) 
Wavelength - Answer-the distance b/w two peaks/an up-down cycle 
Universal wave equation - Answer-speed = distance/time = wavelength/period 
Higher pitch = - Answer-higher frequency - but perception depends on the 
environment 
Sound freque...
Examen
PNB 2XB3 - Central Vision Practice Questions and Answers | 100% Pass
PNB 2XB3 - Central Vision Practice 
Questions and Answers | 100% Pass 
For an on-center ganglion cell, what causes it to maximally fire? - Answer-light in 
the center and darkness in the surround 
What is the spontaneous level of activity or baseline for a ganglion cell? - Answer- 
when the entire field is in the dark 
color opponency - Answer-the center and surround cones can be of different 
types (red,green,blue...) 
fixating the eyes on an object - Answer-turning the eyes so that the image f...
Examen
PNB 2XB3 - Midterm 2: Somatosensory Exam Study Guide with Complete Solutions
PNB 2XB3 - Midterm 2: Somatosensory 
Exam Study Guide with Complete 
Solutions 
Merkell cells - Answer-- slowly adapting 
- 25% of mechanosensory afferents in hand 
- highest spatial resolution 
- edges, points, corners, curvature 
- static indentation ** 
Meissener - Answer-- rapidly adapting 
-40% of mechanosensory innervation in hand 
- skin motion, indentation, low frequency vibrations for textured objects*** 
- more than 4x more sensitive than Merkell to skin deformation, but larger recepti...
Examen
Midterm 1 - PNB 2XB3 Exam Study Guide with Complete Solutions
Midterm 1 - PNB 2XB3 Exam Study 
Guide with Complete Solutions 
Central Nervous System (CNS) - Answer-All parts of nervous system enclosed in 
bone (spinal cord, brain stem, thalamus, cortex) 
Peripheral nervous system (PNS) - Answer-All parts not within bone (peripheral 
nerves) 
Brainstem - Answer-midbrain (lowest), pons (middle), medulla (top) 
Dermatomes - Answer-spinal nerves innervate sections of the skin, message from 
certain section of skin is sent to certain section of spine 
- skin co...
Examen
PNB 2XB3 Neuroscience Midterm Review Study Guide with Complete Solutions
PNB 2XB3 Neuroscience Midterm 
Review Study Guide with Complete 
Solutions 
Central Nervous System (CNS) - Answer-all parts of the nervous system within 
bone (spinal cord, brainstem, thalamus, cortex, etc) 
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) - Answer-all parts not within bone (spinal 
nerves, cranial nerves) 
Cranial nerve - Answer-One of twelve pairs of nerves arising from the brainstem 
that carry sensory information towards the central nervous system 
Spinal nerve - Answer-A nerve which carries...
Examen
PNB 2XB3 Midterm 2 Review Study Guide with Complete Solutions
PNB 2XB3 Midterm 2 Review Study 
Guide with Complete Solutions 
4 Sections of the spinal cord - Answer-1. Cervical 
2. Thoracic 
3. Lumbar 
4. Sacral 
A beta Fibers - Answer-Large sensory fibers involved in rapidly transmitting 
sensation. 
Responds to touch 
(around 50 m/s) 
A delta Fibers - Answer-Slower fiber that responds to sharp pain ( around 10m/s) 
C fibers - Answer-Slow fiber that is associated with dull pain (around 1m/2s) 
Dorsal Column Medial Lemniscus Pathway - Answer-Pathway that r...
Examen
PNB 2XB3 Lecture 4: Somatosensory System Exam Study Guide with Complete Solutions
PNB 2XB3 Lecture 4: Somatosensory 
System Exam Study Guide with 
Complete Solutions 
dermatome - Answer-the area of skin supplied by the sensory axons of a single 
spinal nerve 
dorsal horn - Answer-the POSTERIOR column of grey matter in the spinal cord 
(shape differs depending on spinal segment) - contains SENSORY neuron cell bodies 
ventral horn - Answer-the ANTERIOR column of grey matter in the spinal cord 
(shape differs depending on spinal segment) - contains MOTOR neuron cell bodies 
3 ty...
Examen
PNB 2XB3 FULL Study Guide with Complete Solutions
PNB 2XB3 FULL Study Guide with 
Complete Solutions 
A-alpha conduction velocity? - Answer-80-120 m/s 
A-beta conduction velocity? - Answer-35-75 m/s 
A-delta conduction velocity? - Answer-5-30 m/s 
C-fibers conduction velocity? - Answer-0.5-2 m/s 
A-alpha axon diameter? - Answer-13-20 microns 
A-beta axon diameter? - Answer-6-12 microns 
A-delta axon diameter? - Answer-1-5 microns 
C-fibers axon diameter? - Answer-0.2-1.5 microns 
Synaptic cleft width? - Answer-20-40 microns 
Number of neurons i...
Examen
PNB 2XB3 Exam Study Guide with Complete Solutions
PNB 2XB3 Exam Study Guide with 
Complete Solutions 
Neuroscience - Answer-study of the neurons and nervous systems 
how many neurons are in the brain and what is the power of the brain - Answer- 
100 billion neurons, and it is about 20W 
how large are neurons - Answer-10 microns 
Central Nervous System (CNS) - Answer-all the parts within bone (spinal cord, 
thalamus, brainstem, cortex...) 
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) - Answer-not within bone (peripheral nerves) 
brainstem - Answer-includes t...
Examen
PNB 2XB3 - Vestibular and Motor System Questions and Answers |100% Pass
PNB 2XB3 - Vestibular and Motor 
System Questions and Answers |100% 
Pass 
What are the three ways in which the head can rotate in? - Answer-Yaw: z axis 
(saying no) 
Pitch: y axis (saying yes) 
Roll: x axis 
What are the semicircular canals filled with? - Answer-endolymph 
What is the vestibular labyrinth composed of? what are the functions of each? - 
Answer-- utricle and saccule: detect head tilt and linear acceleration 
- semicircular canals: detect head rotation 
What are the two otholith o...
Examen
PNB 2XB3 - Neuroanatomy & Neurophysiology Questions and Answers |100% Pass
PNB 2XB3 - Neuroanatomy & 
Neurophysiology Questions and 
Answers |100% Pass 
How many neurons are in the human brain? - Answer-about 100 billion 
What percentage of the brain do we use? - Answer-100% 
What is the brain's power in watts? - Answer-20 W 
What is the size of a typical neuron? - Answer-10 um (cell body diameter) 
What is the most common neurotransmitter? - Answer-Glutamate 
What is the voltage of a neuron at rest? - Answer--65mV 
What is the name of the neuro-electrical impulse? ...
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PNB 2XB3 Questions and Answers | Latest Update 2024/2025
PNB 2XB3 Questions and Answers | Latest Update 2024/2025