Study guides, Class notes & Summaries

What is the difference between a homogeneous and heterogeneous mixture? Can they be separated? - Answer A homogeneous mixture is a uniform composition throughout whereas a heterogeneous mixture has other substances. They can be separated but through physical processes. What is the difference between a physical and chemical property? Physical vs chemical change? - Answer A physical property is one that can be determined without changing the identity of the matter. A physical ch...

In what two ways does coronary perfusion differ from that of the rest of the body? - Answer -timing: it occurs during diastole -O2 extraction: is maximal at all times What range of conditions are included in Acute Coronary Syndrome? - Answer Unstable Angina, NSTEMI, STEMI In most people, occlusion of the Right Coronary Artery may produce ischemia of what portion(s) of the conduction system? - Answer sinus node & AV node What physiologic event produces ACS in the vast majority ...

When ischemia is prolonged and not immediately reversible, what develops and encompasses the spectrum of unstable angina (UA), non-ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), and ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)? - Answer acute coronary syndrome (ACS) Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is associated with deterioration of a once stable what? - Answer atherosclerotic plaque What is the disease progress of acute coronary syndrome? - Answer Deterioration of once stable...

The client with unstable angina has received education about the acute coronary syndrome. Which of the following indicates that he understood the teaching? 1. "This is a big warning, I must modify my lifestyle or risk having a heart attack in the next year." 2. "Angina is just a temporary interruption of blood flow to my heart." 3. "I need to tell my wife I've had a heart attack." 4. "Because this was temporary, I will not need to take any medications for my heart." - Answer 1. A...

Types of Angina - Answer - Stable Angina - Unstable Angina Stable Angina - Answer - Occurs with moderate to prolonged exertion - Familiar pattern (to pt.) - Frequency, duration, and intensity of symptoms remain stable over several months - Usually associated with a stable atherosclerotic plaque - Relieved by nitro or rest Unstable Angina - Answer - Chest pain that occurs suddenly at rest or with exertion - Causes limitation of activity - Increase in number of attacks - Increa...

What are the types of Acute Coronary Syndrome? - Answer STEMI NSTEMI Unstable Angina What is a STEMI? - Answer ST elevation. Long period of blocked blood supply to the heart muscle affecting large are of heart muscle. It also changes levels of chemical markers in the blood. What is NSTEMI? - Answer Chest pain that does not cause ST elevation on an EKG. Chemical markers may show cardiac damage, but can be variable as blockage can be variable. What is Unstable Angina? - Answer C...

Coronary artery disease (CAD) - Answer disease of the arteries surrounding the heart Chronic Stable angina -> Acute coronary syndrome Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) - Answer Umbrella term, for Unstable angina, NSTMI, and STMI atherosclerosis- narrowing and hardening of the arteries - Answer Precursor: Coronary Artery Disease Plaque and lesion - Answer ____________________ development in CAD can lead to Acute Coronary Syndrome Chronic endothelial damage - Answer CAD->...

Acute Coronary Syndromes: - Answer Umbrella term referring to any constellation of clinical symptoms compatible with acute myocardial ischemia - Unstable angina (UA) - Non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) - ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) Clinical Presentation: - Answer Chest pain, pressure, or squeezing Radiation to the arms, neck, back, or jaw Nausea, vomiting, diaphoresis, shortness of breath Patients less likely to present with classic sympt...

Which of the following are standard medications that may be used to treat a patient with an acute coronary syndrome characterized as NSTEMI? (select all that apply) - Answer Morphine and Aspirin Look for drugs in the acronym MONA, which represent standard care for a MI: Morphine, Oxygen, Nitrates (nitroglycerin in various formulations), and Aspirin (MONA). Additional medications will be added to MONA depending on the clinical situation. Which of the following statements are true regardin...

Which is true regarding the prevalence of acute coronary syndrome? Select all that apply. A. Someone dies every minute from acute coronary syndrome. B. Acute coronary syndrome causes approximately 50,000 deaths per year. C. Someone has an acute coronary syndrome episode every 25 seconds. D. 100,000 people are hospitalized every year due to acute coronary syndrome. E. Acute coronary syndrome is the third leading cause of death in the United States. - Answer A. Someone dies every minute f...