MDC 2

This document provides a comprehensive, question-and-answer review of essential medical-surgical nursing concepts, covering perioperative care, shock states, fluid and electrolyte imbalances, acute kidney injury, renal disorders, and burn management. It is systematically organized into five major sections: perioperative nursing, including preoperative assessment, fasting guidelines, medication management, intraoperative stages, postoperative complications (e.g., hypokalemia, wound evisceration, ...

MDC II - Exam 2 |Complete Questions With Correct Answers2025/2026

MDC 2 FINAL EXAM NCLEX PRACTICE QUESTIONS LOWER GI D/OS AND MALNUTRITION - QUALITY WITH WORK THROUGH YEARS OF EXPERIENCE!

MDC 2 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS & ANSWERS GRADED TO PASS!! Benign cells Normal cells growing in the wrong place or at the wrong time Benign Cell Features o Harmless o Do not usually require intervention o Slow growing o Tight Adherence o Specific morphology o Small nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio o Specific differentiated functions o Tight adherence o Orderly growth o No migration o Normal chromosomes Benign cell looks similar to a healthy cell Examples of Benign cells o Skin T...

MDC 4 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS & ANSWERS GRADED TO PASS!! What are the characteristics of early-stage Alzheimer's disease? Completes ADLs, subtle changes in memory and behavior What are the characteristics of moderate-stage Alzheimer's disease? Wandering behavior, agitation, incontinence What are the characteristics of late-stage Alzheimer's disease? Bedridden, seizures, tremors, Agnosia Migraine signs/symptoms Episodic, head pain lasting from 4 to 72 hours Steady ache to v...

MDC Exam 1 basic physiological needs type of needs that are essential for the maintenance of life Air Food Water Temperature regulation Elimination Rest Sex Physical Activity Blood flow (perfusion) is necessary to meet other basic needs Basic physiological needs include Protection from physical harm Adequate shelter Freedom from fear and anxiety Safety and security needs would include what type of necessities? Vital signs One of the most critical nursing interventio...

MDC2 EXAM 1 (review 1) Q & A RATED 100% CORRECT!! Seven warning signs of cancer Changes in bowel/bladder habits, A sore throat that does not heal, Unusual bleeding/discharge, Thickening or lump in breast or elsewhere, Indigestion or difficulty swallowing, Obvious change in wart/mole, Nagging cough/hoarseness. Initiation Change in gene expression leading to loss of cellular regulation. Excessive cell division Cancer development stages of malignancy initiation, promotion, progression...

MDC2 Test Questions With 100% Correct Answers. A nurse should instruct a pt with a positive family history of colon cancer to adhere to which of the following lifestyle modifications? Encourage baseline colonoscopy screening What is the step in which normal cells become damaged? This step is irreversible and leads to cancer development. Initiation Ellen is a 56 yo female in the ER with complaints of a fever for last 3 days. Recently completed a cycle of chemo. Temp is 103.6, HR 128,...

MDC 2 Exam 1 (Knight-Rasmussen) Questions And Answers Solved 100% Correct!! What are the stages of cell growth in cancer development? 1. Initiation 2. Promotion 3. Progression 4. Metastasis What happens during Initiation phase during cancer cell growth? normal cells become damaged and leads to development of cancer (Malignant Transformation) this is irreversible What happens during the promotion stage during cancer cell growth? -repeat exposure to carcinogen enhances cell growt...

MDC2 Exam 1 Study Guide Questions With Correct Answers. What advice would you have for a patient who has a family history of cancer? -diagnostic testing -screenings -primary preventions -education on s/s Primary prevention Smoking Cessation, Chemoprophylaxis, Avoidance of Vice/Carcinogen, Avoid highly processed foods. Secondary prevention screenings, tumor markers Tertiary prevention prevention of sequela within the disease process your diagnosed with What are the ste...

MDC2 Exam 2 Acidosis The acid base balance of the blood and other ECF is upset by an excess of hydrogen. Arterial blood pH below 7.35 Causes of metabolic •Diabetic Ketoacidosis •Renal failure •Starvation •Diarrhea •Ileostomy •Hyperthyroidism •Pancreatitis •Liver failure •Dehydration •Seizure activity •Ethanol intoxication •Aspirin toxicity metabolic acidosis too much acid Hydrogen irons of metabolic acidosis are? Over Produced Under e...

MDC 2 EXAM 2 (revised) Complete Qs & As Magnesium value 1.8-2.6 Phosphate value 3.0-4.5 Potassium value 3.5-5.0 Calcium value 9.0-10.5 Sodium value 136-145 Vomiting leads to what electrolyte imbalance and what pH imbalance? hyponatremia & metabolic alkalosis Diarrhea leads to what electrolyte imbalance and what pH imbalance? hypokalemia & Metabolic acidosis What electrolytes are inside the cell (intracellular)? (MPP) magnesium, phosphate,...

MDC II Exam 2 look at pH What is your first step when interpreting ABGs? Respiratory acidosis What acid-base imbalance would you expect to see in an asthmatic patient? COPD asthma muscle weakness ▪ inadequate chest expansion ▪ pneumonia ▪ pulmonary edema ▪ sleep apnea ▪ respiratory depression r/t: drugs, alcohol, anesthesia, electrolyte imbalance ▪ high ICP Common causes of Respiratory Acidosis Vital Signs, think LOW & SLOW ▪ bradycardia, thready weak pu...

MDC II - Exam 2 Causes of respiratory acidosis (low ph/ high CO2) -Hypoventilation -Drug overdose -Pulmonary edema -Chest trauma/neuromuscular disease -COPD -Airway obstruction Causes of Metabolic Acidosis (low pH/low HCO3) -Diabetic ketoacidosis -Salicylate OD -Renal failure -Severe diarrhea -Sepsis -Shock How to evaluate that treatment is working for respiratory acidosis? -Maintains adequate gas exchange -Arterial pH above 7.2 and closer to 7.35 -PaO2 level above 90 m...

MDC 2 EXAM 2 (revised) Questions & Answers Magnesium value 1.8-2.6 Phosphate value 3.0-4.5 Potassium value 3.5-5.0 Calcium value 9.0-10.5 Sodium value 136-145 Vomiting leads to what electrolyte imbalance and what pH imbalance? hyponatremia & metabolic alkalosis Diarrhea leads to what electrolyte imbalance and what pH imbalance? hypokalemia & Metabolic acidosis What electrolytes are inside the cell (intracellular)? (MPP) magnesium, phosphate, potassium What electrolytes are out...

MDC 2 Exam 1 (Knight-Rasmussen) Questions And Answers Solved 100% Correct!! What are the stages of cell growth in cancer development? 1. Initiation 2. Promotion 3. Progression 4. Metastasis What happens during Initiation phase during cancer cell growth? normal cells become damaged and leads to development of cancer (Malignant Transformation) this is irreversible What happens during the promotion stage during cancer cell growth? -repeat exposure to carcinogen enhances cell growth whic...

MDC 2 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS & ANSWERS GRADED TO PASS!! Benign cells Normal cells growing in the wrong place or at the wrong time Benign Cell Features o Harmless o Do not usually require intervention o Slow growing o Tight Adherence o Specific morphology o Small nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio o Specific differentiated functions o Tight adherence o Orderly growth o No migration o Normal chromosomes Benign cell looks similar to a healthy cell Examples of Benign cells o Skin Tag o Mole...

MDC 2 EXAM 2 (revised) Questions & Answers Magnesium value 1.8-2.6 Phosphate value 3.0-4.5 Potassium value 3.5-5.0 Calcium value 9.0-10.5 Sodium value 136-145 Vomiting leads to what electrolyte imbalance and what pH imbalance? hyponatremia & metabolic alkalosis Diarrhea leads to what electrolyte imbalance and what pH imbalance? hypokalemia & Metabolic acidosis What electrolytes are inside the cell (intracellular)? (MPP) magnesium, phosphate, potassium What electrolytes are out...

MDC 2 Exam 1 (Knight-Rasmussen) Questions And Answers Solved 100% Correct!! What are the stages of cell growth in cancer development? 1. Initiation 2. Promotion 3. Progression 4. Metastasis What happens during Initiation phase during cancer cell growth? normal cells become damaged and leads to development of cancer (Malignant Transformation) this is irreversible What happens during the promotion stage during cancer cell growth? -repeat exposure to carcinogen enhances cell growth whic...

MDC 2 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS & ANSWERS GRADED TO PASS!! Benign cells Normal cells growing in the wrong place or at the wrong time Benign Cell Features o Harmless o Do not usually require intervention o Slow growing o Tight Adherence o Specific morphology o Small nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio o Specific differentiated functions o Tight adherence o Orderly growth o No migration o Normal chromosomes Benign cell looks similar to a healthy cell Examples of Benign cells o Skin Tag o Mole...