Supply chain
Inhoudsopgave
H1: Wat is SCM? ......................................................................................................................................... 1
1.1: Begrippen ...................................................................................................................................................... 1
De essentie van supply chain management .................................................................................................... 3
Voorwaarden voor supply chain management ............................................................................................... 4
Winst door samenwerking .............................................................................................................................. 4
Winst door kostenreductie.............................................................................................................................. 5
1.2: Logistieke deeltrajecten en logistieke beslissingen ....................................................................................... 5
1.3: Het waardeketen - concepten van Porter ..................................................................................................... 7
1.4: Logistieke kosten ........................................................................................................................................... 7
1.5: Link logistieke strategie – bedrijfsstrategie .................................................................................................. 8
1.6: Link logistieke verkoop en logistieke doelstellingen .................................................................................... 10
1.7 Financiële impact van supply chain en logistiek .......................................................................................... 10
1.8: Impact van grootte en macht in de supply chain ........................................................................................ 12
H2 : Bij logistiek draait het om de klant ..................................................................................................... 12
2.1: De rol van de klant in logistiek .................................................................................................................... 12
2.2: Hoe kijkt een professionele inkoper naar een bedrijf.................................................................................. 12
2.3: De klant bij e-commerce ............................................................................................................................. 15
2.4: Vier tips voor een betere logistieke service ................................................................................................. 16
H3 : Opbouw van een goederenstroom ..................................................................................................... 17
3.1: Productkarakteristieken .............................................................................................................................. 17
3.2: Logistieke bouwstenen ................................................................................................................................ 19
3.3: Het klantenorderontkoppelpunt ................................................................................................................. 20
3.4: Productielocaties......................................................................................................................................... 21
3.5: Magazijnlocaties ......................................................................................................................................... 24
3.6: Andere variabelen bij de keuze van productie- en magazijnlocaties .......................................................... 25
3.7: Een Europese supply chain .......................................................................................................................... 26
3.8: Transport ..................................................................................................................................................... 27
3.9: Uitbesteden van de goederenstroom ......................................................................................................... 28
H4 : Planning en besturing ........................................................................................................................ 30
4.1: Push- of pull-besturing ................................................................................................................................ 30
4.2: Praktijkvoorbeeld van push-besturing: MRP .............................................................................................. 31
4.3: Praktijkvoorbeeld van pull-besturing: JIT.................................................................................................... 32
Kanban systeem ............................................................................................................................................ 33
H5 : Logistieke ICT..................................................................................................................................... 35
5.1: ERP - Entreprise Resource Planning. ........................................................................................................... 35
ERPII of e-ERP ................................................................................................................................................ 36
,Supply chain
APS - Advanced Planning ans Scheduling ..................................................................................................... 37
5.2: EDI - Electronic Data Interchange ............................................................................................................... 38
5.3: Big data en cloud computing ...................................................................................................................... 38
Big data.......................................................................................................................................................... 38
Cloud cumputing ........................................................................................................................................... 39
5.4: IoT – Internet of Things ............................................................................................................................... 39
5.5: Blockchain ................................................................................................................................................... 40
5.6: AI ................................................................................................................................................................. 41
5.7: Control Towers ............................................................................................................................................ 42
5.8: Digital Twins ................................................................................................................................................ 43
5.9: Tools ............................................................................................................................................................ 44
H6 : Organisatie van de supply chain ......................................................................................................... 45
6.1: Van logistiek naar supply chain manager ................................................................................................... 45
H7 : Het logistiek concept ......................................................................................................................... 47
7.1: Integraal logistiek concept .......................................................................................................................... 47
7.2: Supply chain strategieën ............................................................................................................................. 49
Efficiënte supply chain................................................................................................................................... 49
Agile supply chain ......................................................................................................................................... 49
7.3: Een robuuste logistiek ................................................................................................................................. 50
H8 : Modellen voor SCM ........................................................................................................................... 51
8.1: Efficient consumer response (ECR) .............................................................................................................. 51
Het delen van data: GSDN ............................................................................................................................. 53
8.2: VMI – Vendor Managed Inventory .............................................................................................................. 54
8.3: Sales & Operations Planning (S&OP) .......................................................................................................... 55
8.4: Supply chain finance ................................................................................................................................... 56
H9 : Voorraadbeheer ................................................................................................................................ 57
9.1: Voorraden in de keten ................................................................................................................................. 57
9.2: Voorraadbeheer .......................................................................................................................................... 58
9.2.1: Voorraad-, bestel- en instelkosten ...................................................................................................... 58
9.2.2: Zaagtanddiagram van voorraadbeheer ............................................................................................... 60
9.2.3: De 4 soorten voorraadbeleid .............................................................................................................. 61
9.3: Opslingereffect (Forrester) .......................................................................................................................... 61
H10 : Supply chain KPI’s ............................................................................................................................ 62
10.1: De rol van KPI’s.......................................................................................................................................... 62
10.2: Het SCOR model ........................................................................................................................................ 65
10.3: Prestatie indicatoren voor de keten .......................................................................................................... 67
H11: Verbeteringen in logistiek ................................................................................................................. 68
11.1: TPM – de geoliede machine ...................................................................................................................... 68
11.2: Lean – de slanke organisatie..................................................................................................................... 71
,Supply chain
7 vormen van verspilling ............................................................................................................................. 71
De lean cyclus..................................................................................................................................................... 72
11.3: TOC – de ongelimiteerde organisatie........................................................................................................ 72
11.4: QRM – de cellulaire organisatie ................................................................................................................ 74
H12 : Supply Chain Trends ......................................................................................................................... 74
12.1: 3D printing ................................................................................................................................................ 74
12.2: Drone technologie ..................................................................................................................................... 75
, Supply chain
H1: Wat is SCM?
SCM = van zand tot klant. Van individuele onderneming naar een aaneenschakeling van
verschillende organisaties. SCM draait om het samen voldoen aan de steeds veranderende
wensen van consumenten.
Eisen van de klant:
- Steeds bredere keuze uit alternatieven
- Voortdurende vernieuwing van het aanbod
- Steeds individualistischer in wensen en behoeften
- Mondiger in het op tafel leggen van eisen en wensen
- Directe of snelle beschikbaarheid van producten gewenst
- Brede keuze uit leveringsmogelijkheden
- Goede informatie over status en herkomst van producten
- Accurate track & trace informatie
Samenwerken omwille van schaarste – samenwerkingsvormen
1) Vraag en productieplanning gedeeld (supply chain visibility)
2) Investering in productie en capaciteit
3) Re-design van product om productie toch mogelijk te maken
4) Betrekken van overheid als partner in supply chain keten (subsidies, lokale productie)
Definities:
- ‘A supply chain consists of all stages involved, directly or indirectly, in fulfilling a
customer request. The supply chain not only includes the manufacturer and supplier,
but also transporters, warehouses, retailers, and customers themselves.’
- ‘A supply chain is the network of organisations that are involved, through upstream
and downstream linkages, in the different processes and activities that produce value
in the form of productsand services in the hands of the ultimate consumer.’
1.1: Begrippen
Een supply chain telt meerdere partijen die er samen voor zorgen dat aan de klantbehoefte
tegemoetgekomen wordt. Er zijn minstens 2 interfaces, dwz 3 zelfstandige organisaties.
Hoeveel partijen zijn er nodig om van een supply chain te spreken?
• De korte supply chain, bestaande uit een onderneming, een leverancier en een klant
• De uitgebreide supply chain, die ook de leveranciers van de leverancier en de klanten
van de klant omvat
• De ultieme supply chain, die uit alle organisaties bestaat die betrokken zijn bij de
‘upstream and / or downstream flows of products, services, finances and / or
information from the ultimate supplier to the ultimate customer’.
1
Inhoudsopgave
H1: Wat is SCM? ......................................................................................................................................... 1
1.1: Begrippen ...................................................................................................................................................... 1
De essentie van supply chain management .................................................................................................... 3
Voorwaarden voor supply chain management ............................................................................................... 4
Winst door samenwerking .............................................................................................................................. 4
Winst door kostenreductie.............................................................................................................................. 5
1.2: Logistieke deeltrajecten en logistieke beslissingen ....................................................................................... 5
1.3: Het waardeketen - concepten van Porter ..................................................................................................... 7
1.4: Logistieke kosten ........................................................................................................................................... 7
1.5: Link logistieke strategie – bedrijfsstrategie .................................................................................................. 8
1.6: Link logistieke verkoop en logistieke doelstellingen .................................................................................... 10
1.7 Financiële impact van supply chain en logistiek .......................................................................................... 10
1.8: Impact van grootte en macht in de supply chain ........................................................................................ 12
H2 : Bij logistiek draait het om de klant ..................................................................................................... 12
2.1: De rol van de klant in logistiek .................................................................................................................... 12
2.2: Hoe kijkt een professionele inkoper naar een bedrijf.................................................................................. 12
2.3: De klant bij e-commerce ............................................................................................................................. 15
2.4: Vier tips voor een betere logistieke service ................................................................................................. 16
H3 : Opbouw van een goederenstroom ..................................................................................................... 17
3.1: Productkarakteristieken .............................................................................................................................. 17
3.2: Logistieke bouwstenen ................................................................................................................................ 19
3.3: Het klantenorderontkoppelpunt ................................................................................................................. 20
3.4: Productielocaties......................................................................................................................................... 21
3.5: Magazijnlocaties ......................................................................................................................................... 24
3.6: Andere variabelen bij de keuze van productie- en magazijnlocaties .......................................................... 25
3.7: Een Europese supply chain .......................................................................................................................... 26
3.8: Transport ..................................................................................................................................................... 27
3.9: Uitbesteden van de goederenstroom ......................................................................................................... 28
H4 : Planning en besturing ........................................................................................................................ 30
4.1: Push- of pull-besturing ................................................................................................................................ 30
4.2: Praktijkvoorbeeld van push-besturing: MRP .............................................................................................. 31
4.3: Praktijkvoorbeeld van pull-besturing: JIT.................................................................................................... 32
Kanban systeem ............................................................................................................................................ 33
H5 : Logistieke ICT..................................................................................................................................... 35
5.1: ERP - Entreprise Resource Planning. ........................................................................................................... 35
ERPII of e-ERP ................................................................................................................................................ 36
,Supply chain
APS - Advanced Planning ans Scheduling ..................................................................................................... 37
5.2: EDI - Electronic Data Interchange ............................................................................................................... 38
5.3: Big data en cloud computing ...................................................................................................................... 38
Big data.......................................................................................................................................................... 38
Cloud cumputing ........................................................................................................................................... 39
5.4: IoT – Internet of Things ............................................................................................................................... 39
5.5: Blockchain ................................................................................................................................................... 40
5.6: AI ................................................................................................................................................................. 41
5.7: Control Towers ............................................................................................................................................ 42
5.8: Digital Twins ................................................................................................................................................ 43
5.9: Tools ............................................................................................................................................................ 44
H6 : Organisatie van de supply chain ......................................................................................................... 45
6.1: Van logistiek naar supply chain manager ................................................................................................... 45
H7 : Het logistiek concept ......................................................................................................................... 47
7.1: Integraal logistiek concept .......................................................................................................................... 47
7.2: Supply chain strategieën ............................................................................................................................. 49
Efficiënte supply chain................................................................................................................................... 49
Agile supply chain ......................................................................................................................................... 49
7.3: Een robuuste logistiek ................................................................................................................................. 50
H8 : Modellen voor SCM ........................................................................................................................... 51
8.1: Efficient consumer response (ECR) .............................................................................................................. 51
Het delen van data: GSDN ............................................................................................................................. 53
8.2: VMI – Vendor Managed Inventory .............................................................................................................. 54
8.3: Sales & Operations Planning (S&OP) .......................................................................................................... 55
8.4: Supply chain finance ................................................................................................................................... 56
H9 : Voorraadbeheer ................................................................................................................................ 57
9.1: Voorraden in de keten ................................................................................................................................. 57
9.2: Voorraadbeheer .......................................................................................................................................... 58
9.2.1: Voorraad-, bestel- en instelkosten ...................................................................................................... 58
9.2.2: Zaagtanddiagram van voorraadbeheer ............................................................................................... 60
9.2.3: De 4 soorten voorraadbeleid .............................................................................................................. 61
9.3: Opslingereffect (Forrester) .......................................................................................................................... 61
H10 : Supply chain KPI’s ............................................................................................................................ 62
10.1: De rol van KPI’s.......................................................................................................................................... 62
10.2: Het SCOR model ........................................................................................................................................ 65
10.3: Prestatie indicatoren voor de keten .......................................................................................................... 67
H11: Verbeteringen in logistiek ................................................................................................................. 68
11.1: TPM – de geoliede machine ...................................................................................................................... 68
11.2: Lean – de slanke organisatie..................................................................................................................... 71
,Supply chain
7 vormen van verspilling ............................................................................................................................. 71
De lean cyclus..................................................................................................................................................... 72
11.3: TOC – de ongelimiteerde organisatie........................................................................................................ 72
11.4: QRM – de cellulaire organisatie ................................................................................................................ 74
H12 : Supply Chain Trends ......................................................................................................................... 74
12.1: 3D printing ................................................................................................................................................ 74
12.2: Drone technologie ..................................................................................................................................... 75
, Supply chain
H1: Wat is SCM?
SCM = van zand tot klant. Van individuele onderneming naar een aaneenschakeling van
verschillende organisaties. SCM draait om het samen voldoen aan de steeds veranderende
wensen van consumenten.
Eisen van de klant:
- Steeds bredere keuze uit alternatieven
- Voortdurende vernieuwing van het aanbod
- Steeds individualistischer in wensen en behoeften
- Mondiger in het op tafel leggen van eisen en wensen
- Directe of snelle beschikbaarheid van producten gewenst
- Brede keuze uit leveringsmogelijkheden
- Goede informatie over status en herkomst van producten
- Accurate track & trace informatie
Samenwerken omwille van schaarste – samenwerkingsvormen
1) Vraag en productieplanning gedeeld (supply chain visibility)
2) Investering in productie en capaciteit
3) Re-design van product om productie toch mogelijk te maken
4) Betrekken van overheid als partner in supply chain keten (subsidies, lokale productie)
Definities:
- ‘A supply chain consists of all stages involved, directly or indirectly, in fulfilling a
customer request. The supply chain not only includes the manufacturer and supplier,
but also transporters, warehouses, retailers, and customers themselves.’
- ‘A supply chain is the network of organisations that are involved, through upstream
and downstream linkages, in the different processes and activities that produce value
in the form of productsand services in the hands of the ultimate consumer.’
1.1: Begrippen
Een supply chain telt meerdere partijen die er samen voor zorgen dat aan de klantbehoefte
tegemoetgekomen wordt. Er zijn minstens 2 interfaces, dwz 3 zelfstandige organisaties.
Hoeveel partijen zijn er nodig om van een supply chain te spreken?
• De korte supply chain, bestaande uit een onderneming, een leverancier en een klant
• De uitgebreide supply chain, die ook de leveranciers van de leverancier en de klanten
van de klant omvat
• De ultieme supply chain, die uit alle organisaties bestaat die betrokken zijn bij de
‘upstream and / or downstream flows of products, services, finances and / or
information from the ultimate supplier to the ultimate customer’.
1
