Understanding Pathophysiology 6th Edition Huether Test Bank - All Chapters

Understanding Pathophysiology 6th Edition Huether
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, Understanding Pathophysiology 6th Edition Huether /f /f /f /f


Chapter 01: Cellular
Test Biology
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Huether&McCance:UnderstandingPathophysiology,6thEdition
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MULTIPLE CHOICE /f




1. A student is observing a cell under the microscope. It is observed to have supercoiled
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DNA with histones. Which of the following would also be observed by the
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student?
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a. A single circular chromosome /f /f /f


b. A nucleus /f


c. Free-floating nuclear material /f /f


d. No organelles /f




ANS: B
The cell described is a eukaryotic cell, so it has histones and a supercoiled DNA within
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its nucleus; thus, the nucleus should be observed. A single circular
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chromosome called a prokaryote contains free-floating nuclear material but
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has no organelles.
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REF: p. 2 / f




2. A nurse is instructing the staff about cellular functions. Which cellular
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function is the nurse describing when an isolated cell absorbs oxygen and uses it to
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transform nutrients to energy?
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a. Metabolic absorption /f


b. Communication
c. Secretion
d. Respiration
ANS: NURSINGTB.COM
D /f


The cell’s ability to absorb oxygen is referred to as respiration while its communication ability
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involves maintenance of a steady dynamic state, metabolic absorption provides nutrition, and
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secretion allows for the synthesizing of new substances.
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REF: p. 2 / f




3. A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the cell would
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most of the genetic information be contained?
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a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Nucleus Cytoplasm /f




ANS: C
The region of the cell that contains genetic material, including a large amount of
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ribonucleic acid, most of the DNA, and DNA-binding proteins, is the nucleolus, which
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is located within the cell’s nucleus. Mitochondria is associated with cellular
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respiration, while ribosomes are involved with protein manufacturing.
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Cytoplasm is a fluid filling that is a component of the cell.
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REF: p. 2 / f




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, Understanding Pathophysiology 6th Edition Huether /f /f /f /f


Test
4. Which of the following can remove proteins attached to the cell’s bilayer by dissolving
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the layer itself?
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a. Peripheral membrane proteins /f /f


b. Integral membrane proteins /f /f


c. Glycoproteins
d. Cell adhesion molecules /f /f




ANS: B
Proteins directly attached to the membrane bilayer can be removed by the action of integral
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membrane proteins that dissolve the bilayer. Peripheral membrane proteins reside at
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the surface while cell adhesion molecules are on the outside of the membrane.
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Glycoprotein marks cells and does not float.
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REF: p. 7 / f




5. Which of the following can bind to plasma membrane receptors?
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a. Oxygen
b. Ribosomes
c. Amphipathic lipids /f


d. Ligands
ANS: D
Ligands are the only specific molecules that can bind with receptors on the cell
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membrane.
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REF: p. 9 / f




6. A nurse is reviewing a report from a patient with metastatic cancer. What alternation
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/f

a.
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Decreased fibronectin
UsSuN
in the extracellular matrix would NpTpoRrt thIe dG
iagnBo.
siC
s ofM
metastatic cancer?
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b. Increased collagen /f


c. Decreased elastin /f


d. Increased glycoproteins /f




ANS: A
Only a reduced amount of fibronectin is found in some types of cancerous cells, allowing
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them to travel or metastasize.
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REF: p. 10 / f




7. Which form of cell communication is used to relate to other cells in direct physical
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/f contact?
a. Cell junction /f


b. Gap junction /f


c. Desmosome
d. Tight junction /f




ANS: A
Cell junctions hold cells together and permit molecules to pass from cell to cell.
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Gap junctions allow for cellular communication between cells. Neither desmosomes nor tight
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junctions are associated with cellular communication.
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REF: p. 11 / f




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, Understanding Pathophysiology 6th Edition Huether /f /f /f /f


Test
8. Pancreatic beta cells secrete insulin, which inhibits secretion of glucagon from
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neighboring alpha cells. This action is an example of which of the following
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/fsignaling types? /f


a. Paracrine
b. Autocrine
c. Neurohormonal
d. Hormonal
ANS: A
Paracrine signaling involves the release of local chemical mediators that are quickly taken
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up, destroyed, or immobilized, as in the case of insulin and the inhibition of the
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secretion of glucagon. None of the other options involve signaling that is
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associated with a local chemical mediator like insulin.
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REF: p. 12 / f




9. In /f cellular metabolism, each enzyme has a high affinity for a:
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a. solute.
b. substrate.
c. receptor.
d. ribosome.
ANS: B
Each enzyme has a high affinity for a substrate, a specific substance converted to a
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product of the reaction. Cellular metabolism is not dependent on an
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attraction between an enzyme and any of the remaining options.
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REF: p.
16 NURSINGTB.COM
10. An athlete runs a marathon, after which his muscles feel fatigued and unable to contract.
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The athlete asks the nurse why this happened. The nurse’s response is based on the
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knowledge that the problem is result of a deficiency of:
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a. GTP
b. AMP
c. ATP
d. GMP
ANS: C
When ATP is deficient, impaired muscle contraction results. None of the other options are
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involved in muscle contraction.
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REF: p. 16 / f




11. Which phase of catabolism produces the most ATP?
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a. Digestion
b. Glycolysis
c. Oxidation
d. Citric acid cycle /f /f




ANS: D
While some ATP is produced during the oxidation and glycolysis phases, most of the ATP is
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generated during the citric acid cycle. Digestion does not produce any ATP.
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