NURS 3215 Chapter 9: Quantitative Research Design –
Questions With Valid Solutions
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Terms in this set (81)
What 2 questions should be be addressed -Will there be an intervention implemented?
while determining interventions in the -What specific design will be used?: experimental (RCT), quasi
design of a quantitative study? experimental, nonexperimental (observational)
What question should be be addressed -What type of comparisons will be made to illuminate key
while determining comparisons in the relationships and provide a context for interpreting results?:
design of a quantitative study? can be within subject or between subject
What is a within subjects design? Same people are compared at different times (preop or
postop) or under different conditions
What is a between subjects design? Different people are compared (ex. men and women) at the
same time or under the same conditions
What 2 questions should be be addressed -How will confounding variables be controlled?
while determining control over confounding -Which specific confounding variables will be controlled?
variables in the design of a quantitative
study?
List 5 methods to control confounding Randomization, crossover, homogeneity, matching, statistical
variables. control
What 2 questions should be be addressed -Will blinding be used?
while determining blinding techniques in the -From whom will critical information be withheld to avert bias?
design of a quantitative study? : participants, family members, interventionists, other staff,
data collectors
What 2 questions should be be addressed -How often will data be collected?
while determining time frames in the design -When, relative to other events, will data be collected?
of a quantitative study?
What two design options are available to -Cross sectional: data is collected from participants at a
use while determining time frames? certain point in time
-Longitudinal: multiple points of data collection
What question should be be addressed -When will effects be measured, relative to potential causes? :
while determining relative timing in the When will information on independent and dependent
design of a quantitative study? variables be collected? Looking backward (retrospective) or
forward (prospective)
, Differentiate between retrospective and -Retrospective: collect information about outcomes then look
prospective relative timing. back for potential causes
-Prospective: Begin with a potential cause and then see what
outcomes ensue
What question should be be addressed -Where will the study take place? : single vs multisite
while determining location in the design of a
quantitative study?
What do most quantitative research Causal relationships
questions seek to find?
Are most causes deterministic? Give an -No, most causes only increase the likelihood that an effect
example. will occur.
-Ex. smoking is a cause of lung cancer, but not everyone who
smokes gets lung cancer
What is a counterfactual? -What would happen to people if they were exposed to a
causal influence and were simultaneously not exposed to it.
-An effect represents the difference between what actually
did happen with the exposure and what would have
happened without it
-Cannot be realized
What are the 3 key criteria for making causal -Temporal
inferences? -Relationship
-Confounders
Explain the temporal criteria for making -A cause must precede an effect in time
causal inferences and give an example. -If we test the hypothesis that smoking causes lung cancer, we
need to show that cancer occurred after the smoking
behavior
Explain the relationship criteria for making -There must be a demonstrated association between the
causal inferences and give an example. resumed cause and the effect
-We need to demonstrate an association between smoking
behavior and cancer, that is, that a higher percentage of
smokers than nonsmokers get lung cancer
Explain the confounders criteria for making -The relationship cannot be explained as being caused by a
causal inferences and give an example. third variable or confounder
-Suppose that smokers were especially likely to live in urban
environments. There would then be a possibility that the
relationship between smoking and lung cancer reflects an
underlying causal collection between the environment and
lung cancer
What is biologic plausibility? -Evidence from basic physiologic studies that a causal
pathway is credible
-Important criterion in health research for causality
What kind of design is best for revealing a Experimental designs: RCTs
cause and effect relationship?
What is the hierarchy of designs for a RCT/experimental --> quasi experimental --> cohort --> case
therapy question? control --> descriptive correlational
What is the hierarchy of designs for a Cohort --> case control --> descriptive correlational
prognosis question?
Questions With Valid Solutions
Save
Students also studied
Sherpath: Diabetes Mellitus Chapter 21 Test Case Study 4 (Short
30 terms 24 terms 22 terms
jesssbee Preview kenanderson2017 Preview Brittany182
Terms in this set (81)
What 2 questions should be be addressed -Will there be an intervention implemented?
while determining interventions in the -What specific design will be used?: experimental (RCT), quasi
design of a quantitative study? experimental, nonexperimental (observational)
What question should be be addressed -What type of comparisons will be made to illuminate key
while determining comparisons in the relationships and provide a context for interpreting results?:
design of a quantitative study? can be within subject or between subject
What is a within subjects design? Same people are compared at different times (preop or
postop) or under different conditions
What is a between subjects design? Different people are compared (ex. men and women) at the
same time or under the same conditions
What 2 questions should be be addressed -How will confounding variables be controlled?
while determining control over confounding -Which specific confounding variables will be controlled?
variables in the design of a quantitative
study?
List 5 methods to control confounding Randomization, crossover, homogeneity, matching, statistical
variables. control
What 2 questions should be be addressed -Will blinding be used?
while determining blinding techniques in the -From whom will critical information be withheld to avert bias?
design of a quantitative study? : participants, family members, interventionists, other staff,
data collectors
What 2 questions should be be addressed -How often will data be collected?
while determining time frames in the design -When, relative to other events, will data be collected?
of a quantitative study?
What two design options are available to -Cross sectional: data is collected from participants at a
use while determining time frames? certain point in time
-Longitudinal: multiple points of data collection
What question should be be addressed -When will effects be measured, relative to potential causes? :
while determining relative timing in the When will information on independent and dependent
design of a quantitative study? variables be collected? Looking backward (retrospective) or
forward (prospective)
, Differentiate between retrospective and -Retrospective: collect information about outcomes then look
prospective relative timing. back for potential causes
-Prospective: Begin with a potential cause and then see what
outcomes ensue
What question should be be addressed -Where will the study take place? : single vs multisite
while determining location in the design of a
quantitative study?
What do most quantitative research Causal relationships
questions seek to find?
Are most causes deterministic? Give an -No, most causes only increase the likelihood that an effect
example. will occur.
-Ex. smoking is a cause of lung cancer, but not everyone who
smokes gets lung cancer
What is a counterfactual? -What would happen to people if they were exposed to a
causal influence and were simultaneously not exposed to it.
-An effect represents the difference between what actually
did happen with the exposure and what would have
happened without it
-Cannot be realized
What are the 3 key criteria for making causal -Temporal
inferences? -Relationship
-Confounders
Explain the temporal criteria for making -A cause must precede an effect in time
causal inferences and give an example. -If we test the hypothesis that smoking causes lung cancer, we
need to show that cancer occurred after the smoking
behavior
Explain the relationship criteria for making -There must be a demonstrated association between the
causal inferences and give an example. resumed cause and the effect
-We need to demonstrate an association between smoking
behavior and cancer, that is, that a higher percentage of
smokers than nonsmokers get lung cancer
Explain the confounders criteria for making -The relationship cannot be explained as being caused by a
causal inferences and give an example. third variable or confounder
-Suppose that smokers were especially likely to live in urban
environments. There would then be a possibility that the
relationship between smoking and lung cancer reflects an
underlying causal collection between the environment and
lung cancer
What is biologic plausibility? -Evidence from basic physiologic studies that a causal
pathway is credible
-Important criterion in health research for causality
What kind of design is best for revealing a Experimental designs: RCTs
cause and effect relationship?
What is the hierarchy of designs for a RCT/experimental --> quasi experimental --> cohort --> case
therapy question? control --> descriptive correlational
What is the hierarchy of designs for a Cohort --> case control --> descriptive correlational
prognosis question?
