CMCP Exam 4 UPDATED Study Guide
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Epilepsy - CORRECT ANSWERS condition which exhibits recurrent
seizure like activity
Seizure - CORRECT ANSWERS - a hyper excitation of neurons of the
brain leading to a sudden, usually violent involuntary series of contractions of
groups of muscles
- transient or acute
Causes of seizures - CORRECT ANSWERS -Congenital abnormalities
-Perinatal injuries
-Metabolic and toxic disorders
-Head trauma
-Tumors
-Vascular diseases
-Infectious diseases
Seizures caused by congenital abnormalities - CORRECT ANSWERS
genetic or traumatic abnormalities
Seizures caused by perinatal injuries - CORRECT ANSWERS - maternal
infection
- rubella
- hypoxia during delivery
- brain injury before or after birth
,Seizures caused by metabolic and toxic disorders - CORRECT ANSWERS
- hypocalcemia
- hypoglycemia
- alcohol/ drug withdrawal (delerium tremors)
Seizures caused by head trauma - CORRECT ANSWERS damage can
cause reoccurring seizures
Seizures caused by tumors - CORRECT ANSWERS - occur at any age,
more specific to older years
- result of space occupying lesions
- tumor takes up brain space
Seizures caused by vascular disease - CORRECT ANSWERS - usually
age related
- can result from any blood flow decrease to the brain
- brain tissue death
Seizures caused by infectious disease - CORRECT ANSWERS - affects
all age groups
- infectious bacterial meningitis
- herpes encephalitis
- measles (brain swelling)
Predisposing factors of seizures - CORRECT ANSWERS - changes in
cerebral blood flow
- flashing lights
- fatigue
- decreased physical health
,- missed meals
- alcohol ingestion
- physical or emotional stress
Primary classification of seizures - CORRECT ANSWERS - idiopathic
- no definite causative factor can be found (65%)
- unknown cause
- epilepsy
Secondary classification of seizures - CORRECT ANSWERS -
demonstrates a probable cause (35%)
- secondary to other condition (known cause)
Types of seizures - CORRECT ANSWERS - Partial seizures (simple or
complex)
- Generalized seizures
Partial seizures (focal seizure) - CORRECT ANSWERS - involves on
part of the brain
- consciousness preserved
- symptoms relate to part of brain affected
- may hallucinate
- may lead to generalized seizure
Simple partial seizure - CORRECT ANSWERS - motor sensory or
autonomic
- one limb or one side of body
, Complex partial seizure - CORRECT ANSWERS - last longer than
simple
- causes birth injury, tumors, trauma
- impaired/ cloudy consciousness, mild amnesia
- incoherent speech
- turning of head
- shifting of eyes
- smacking of the lips
- twisting/ writhing movements of extremities
- one side of body, one side part of brain
Grand mal generalized seizure - CORRECT ANSWERS - occurs in 90%
of people with epilepsy
- generalized tonic-clonic seizures
- most common form
- equal in both sexes
- usually during puberty, can occur at any age
- 2-3 minutes in duration
- loss of consciousness
- total episode can last up to 2 hours
- tiring and disorienting
Petite mal generalized seizure - CORRECT ANSWERS - absence
seizures
- occurs in ages 3-15, decreases with age
- usually while patient is quiet (inactivity or just awakened)
- brief lapse of consciousness lasting 5-10 seconds
- no movement except cyclic blinking
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Epilepsy - CORRECT ANSWERS condition which exhibits recurrent
seizure like activity
Seizure - CORRECT ANSWERS - a hyper excitation of neurons of the
brain leading to a sudden, usually violent involuntary series of contractions of
groups of muscles
- transient or acute
Causes of seizures - CORRECT ANSWERS -Congenital abnormalities
-Perinatal injuries
-Metabolic and toxic disorders
-Head trauma
-Tumors
-Vascular diseases
-Infectious diseases
Seizures caused by congenital abnormalities - CORRECT ANSWERS
genetic or traumatic abnormalities
Seizures caused by perinatal injuries - CORRECT ANSWERS - maternal
infection
- rubella
- hypoxia during delivery
- brain injury before or after birth
,Seizures caused by metabolic and toxic disorders - CORRECT ANSWERS
- hypocalcemia
- hypoglycemia
- alcohol/ drug withdrawal (delerium tremors)
Seizures caused by head trauma - CORRECT ANSWERS damage can
cause reoccurring seizures
Seizures caused by tumors - CORRECT ANSWERS - occur at any age,
more specific to older years
- result of space occupying lesions
- tumor takes up brain space
Seizures caused by vascular disease - CORRECT ANSWERS - usually
age related
- can result from any blood flow decrease to the brain
- brain tissue death
Seizures caused by infectious disease - CORRECT ANSWERS - affects
all age groups
- infectious bacterial meningitis
- herpes encephalitis
- measles (brain swelling)
Predisposing factors of seizures - CORRECT ANSWERS - changes in
cerebral blood flow
- flashing lights
- fatigue
- decreased physical health
,- missed meals
- alcohol ingestion
- physical or emotional stress
Primary classification of seizures - CORRECT ANSWERS - idiopathic
- no definite causative factor can be found (65%)
- unknown cause
- epilepsy
Secondary classification of seizures - CORRECT ANSWERS -
demonstrates a probable cause (35%)
- secondary to other condition (known cause)
Types of seizures - CORRECT ANSWERS - Partial seizures (simple or
complex)
- Generalized seizures
Partial seizures (focal seizure) - CORRECT ANSWERS - involves on
part of the brain
- consciousness preserved
- symptoms relate to part of brain affected
- may hallucinate
- may lead to generalized seizure
Simple partial seizure - CORRECT ANSWERS - motor sensory or
autonomic
- one limb or one side of body
, Complex partial seizure - CORRECT ANSWERS - last longer than
simple
- causes birth injury, tumors, trauma
- impaired/ cloudy consciousness, mild amnesia
- incoherent speech
- turning of head
- shifting of eyes
- smacking of the lips
- twisting/ writhing movements of extremities
- one side of body, one side part of brain
Grand mal generalized seizure - CORRECT ANSWERS - occurs in 90%
of people with epilepsy
- generalized tonic-clonic seizures
- most common form
- equal in both sexes
- usually during puberty, can occur at any age
- 2-3 minutes in duration
- loss of consciousness
- total episode can last up to 2 hours
- tiring and disorienting
Petite mal generalized seizure - CORRECT ANSWERS - absence
seizures
- occurs in ages 3-15, decreases with age
- usually while patient is quiet (inactivity or just awakened)
- brief lapse of consciousness lasting 5-10 seconds
- no movement except cyclic blinking
