NSGD 2256 AHA, Pace University, Fall
2024 – Complete Exam Review and
Practice Questions
Introduction:
This document provides a comprehensive review for the NSGD
2256 AHA final exam at Pace University, covering core nursing
concepts such as gas exchange, perfusion, neurological
assessment, pain, mobility, tissue integrity, and clinical
judgement models. It includes extensive practice questions
with correct answers, making it ideal for final exam
preparation and consolidation of lecture and clinical content.
Exam Questions and Answers:
41. What are the effects of long covid---Correct Answer----
Less exercise tolerance
42. When assessing a trauma patient with four fractured ribs
on the right side, the nurse notes the trachea is shifted
towards the left. How would the nurse interpret this finding---
Correct Answer---- This is a result of a pneumothorax putting
pressure on left lung field.
,43. Why is the older adult at higher risk of developing
pneumonia---Correct Answer---- Decreased ability to mount an
immune response.
44. AB Subjective Data---Correct Answer---- - Pt perception of
symptoms
- Perceived level of dyspnea
- Hx of cough and sputum
- PQRST chest pain assessment
45. AB Objective Data---Correct Answer---- - VS
- Respiratory assessment
46. Ischemia: Insuflcient oxygenated blood to the tissues.
47. Hypoxia: Insuflcient oxygen reaching the cells.
48. Anoxia: Total lack of oxygen in body tissues.
49. Hypoxemia---Correct Answer---- Decreased oxygen in
arterial blood.
50. Impaired gas exchange occurs when the diffusion of gases
become impaired because of---Correct Answer---- - Inettective
ventilation
- Reduced capacity for gas transportation
- Inadequate perfusion
51. Gas exchange - Mild impairment---Correct Answer---- -
Fatigue
,- Increase in HR and RR
52. Gas exchange - More severe impairment---Correct
Answer---- - Respiratory acidosis
53. Gas exchange - Prolonged or severe---Correct Answer----
- Cellular ischemia
- Death
54. Populations at greatest risk for impaired gas exchange---
Correct Answer---- - Infants
- Children
- Older adults
55. Individual risk factors for impaired gas exchange---
Correct Answer---- - Age
- Smoking
- Chronic conditions
- Immunosuppression
- Reduced cognition
- Brain injury
- Prolonged immobility
56. How does 'ventilation' work---Correct Answer----
Autonomic, controls the rate and volume through
chemoreceptors in the medulla, which responds to rising
carbon dioxide levels. This caused the diaphragm, intercostal,
, and scalene muscles to contract, enlarging the thorax, to allow
atmospheric air to enter.
57. What could cause 'impaired ventilation---Correct Answer-
---Conditions involving bones, muscles, or nerves that prevent
the movement of air into the lungs. Fractured ribs, thorax,
spinal cord injury at C3 or above could cause paralysis of the
diaphragm. Muscle weakening diseases.
58. How does 'transportation' work---Correct Answer----
Dependent on the oxygen carrying capacity of hgb and
suflcient erythrocytes. If hgb is low, less oxygen will be
available to tissues and impaired metabolism occurs and
carbon dioxide is not returned to the lungs for elimination.
59. What could cause 'impaired transport---Correct Answer--
--Anemia, hemorrhage or SCD.
60. How does 'perfusion' work---Correct Answer----
Perfusion is related to the ability of the blood to deliver oxygen
to the cells and remove carbon dioxide. This is dependent on
adequate cardiac output, arteries and veins.
61. Regurgitation and stenosis---Correct Answer---- Damaged
heart valves. May lead to decreased cardiac output.
62. Hypo/Hypervolemia---Correct Answer---- Alteration in
intravascular volume. Can occur due to heart/ renal failure.
Burns, hemorrhage, decreased fluid intake.
2024 – Complete Exam Review and
Practice Questions
Introduction:
This document provides a comprehensive review for the NSGD
2256 AHA final exam at Pace University, covering core nursing
concepts such as gas exchange, perfusion, neurological
assessment, pain, mobility, tissue integrity, and clinical
judgement models. It includes extensive practice questions
with correct answers, making it ideal for final exam
preparation and consolidation of lecture and clinical content.
Exam Questions and Answers:
41. What are the effects of long covid---Correct Answer----
Less exercise tolerance
42. When assessing a trauma patient with four fractured ribs
on the right side, the nurse notes the trachea is shifted
towards the left. How would the nurse interpret this finding---
Correct Answer---- This is a result of a pneumothorax putting
pressure on left lung field.
,43. Why is the older adult at higher risk of developing
pneumonia---Correct Answer---- Decreased ability to mount an
immune response.
44. AB Subjective Data---Correct Answer---- - Pt perception of
symptoms
- Perceived level of dyspnea
- Hx of cough and sputum
- PQRST chest pain assessment
45. AB Objective Data---Correct Answer---- - VS
- Respiratory assessment
46. Ischemia: Insuflcient oxygenated blood to the tissues.
47. Hypoxia: Insuflcient oxygen reaching the cells.
48. Anoxia: Total lack of oxygen in body tissues.
49. Hypoxemia---Correct Answer---- Decreased oxygen in
arterial blood.
50. Impaired gas exchange occurs when the diffusion of gases
become impaired because of---Correct Answer---- - Inettective
ventilation
- Reduced capacity for gas transportation
- Inadequate perfusion
51. Gas exchange - Mild impairment---Correct Answer---- -
Fatigue
,- Increase in HR and RR
52. Gas exchange - More severe impairment---Correct
Answer---- - Respiratory acidosis
53. Gas exchange - Prolonged or severe---Correct Answer----
- Cellular ischemia
- Death
54. Populations at greatest risk for impaired gas exchange---
Correct Answer---- - Infants
- Children
- Older adults
55. Individual risk factors for impaired gas exchange---
Correct Answer---- - Age
- Smoking
- Chronic conditions
- Immunosuppression
- Reduced cognition
- Brain injury
- Prolonged immobility
56. How does 'ventilation' work---Correct Answer----
Autonomic, controls the rate and volume through
chemoreceptors in the medulla, which responds to rising
carbon dioxide levels. This caused the diaphragm, intercostal,
, and scalene muscles to contract, enlarging the thorax, to allow
atmospheric air to enter.
57. What could cause 'impaired ventilation---Correct Answer-
---Conditions involving bones, muscles, or nerves that prevent
the movement of air into the lungs. Fractured ribs, thorax,
spinal cord injury at C3 or above could cause paralysis of the
diaphragm. Muscle weakening diseases.
58. How does 'transportation' work---Correct Answer----
Dependent on the oxygen carrying capacity of hgb and
suflcient erythrocytes. If hgb is low, less oxygen will be
available to tissues and impaired metabolism occurs and
carbon dioxide is not returned to the lungs for elimination.
59. What could cause 'impaired transport---Correct Answer--
--Anemia, hemorrhage or SCD.
60. How does 'perfusion' work---Correct Answer----
Perfusion is related to the ability of the blood to deliver oxygen
to the cells and remove carbon dioxide. This is dependent on
adequate cardiac output, arteries and veins.
61. Regurgitation and stenosis---Correct Answer---- Damaged
heart valves. May lead to decreased cardiac output.
62. Hypo/Hypervolemia---Correct Answer---- Alteration in
intravascular volume. Can occur due to heart/ renal failure.
Burns, hemorrhage, decreased fluid intake.
