DIGESTIVE SYSTEM PHYSIOLOGY QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM PHYSIOLOGY
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
WhatA2areA2theA2differentA2partsA2ofA2theA2GastrointestinalA2Tract?A2-A2Ans--•A2MouthA2
•A2PharynxA2
•A2EsophagusA2
•A2StomachA2
•A2SmallA2intestineA2(SI)A2
⬧A2DuodenumA2
⬧A2JejunumA2
⬧A2IleumA2
•A2largeA2intestineA2(LI)

-A2WeA2areA2talkingA2aboutA2whereA2theA2foodA2goesA2through

WhatA2areA2theA2differentA2accessoryA2glandsA2affectingA2theA2digestiveA2system?A2-
A2Ans---A2Teeth,A2tongueA2
-A2SalivaryA2GlandsA2
-A2GallbladderA2
-A2LiverA2
-A2pancreas

WhatA2areA2theA2sixA2essentialA2digestiveA2activities?A2-A2Ans--1.A2ingestion
2.A2propulsionA2(howA2theA2foodA2moves)
3.A2mechanicalA2digestionA2(gettingA2moreA2surfaceA2areA2soA2thatA2theA2enzymeA2canA2c
onnect)
4.A2chemicalA2digestion
•A2InvolvesA2secretion
5.A2absorption
6.A2defecationA2(similarA2toA2theA2micturitionA2reflex)

WhatA2areA2theA2fourA2majorA2tissueA2layersA2inA2theA2digestiveA2tract?A2-A2Ans---
A2sameA2generalA2structureA2fromA2esophagusA2toA2anusA2


FourA2majorA2tissueA2layers:
-A2MucosaA2
•A2InnermostA2layerA2/A2secretionsA2/A2absorptionA2

-A2SubmucosaA2
•A2BloodA2/A2nerveA2supplyA2
-
A2feetA2forwardsA2system.A2asA2youA2eat,A2theA2stomachA2startsA2contracting,A2getsA2theA2
messageA2aheadA2ofA2timeA2toA2prepareA2forA2food

,-A2MuscularisA2externaA2
•A2motilityA2

-A2SerosaA2
•A2OuterA2CTA2layer

WhatA2areA2theA2twoA2GIA2tractA2SensoryA2Receptors?A2WhatA2doA2theyA2respondA2to?A2-
A2Ans--MechanoreceptorsA2respondA2to:
•A2StretchA2(asA2foodA2movesA2through)A2

ChemoreceptorsA2respondA2to:
•A2OsmolarityA2andA2pHA2changes
•A2DigestiveA2substratesA2andA2endA2productsA2(ie.A2Food)A2

BothA2InitiateA2reflexesA2that:
•A2ActivateA2orA2inhibitA2digestiveA2glandsA2
•A2StimulateA2smoothA2muscleA2toA2mixA2andA2moveA2lumenA2contents

WhatA2doA2theA2ExtrinsicA2andA2IntrinsicA2ControlsA2affect?A2-A2Ans--ExtrinsicA2controls:
A2-A2fromA2outsideA2digestiveA2tractA2


IntrinsicA2control:
A2-A2withinA2digestA2tractA2


BothA2affect:
•A2motilityA2
•A2secretionA2ofA2enzymesA2/A2hormones

WhatA2areA2theA2threeA2GIA2TractsA2regulatoryA2mechanisms?A2-A2Ans--ShortA2reflexes:
•A2EntericA2nerveA2plexusesA2(gutA2brain)A2respondA2toA2stimuliA2inA2GIA2tractA2

Hormones:
•A2fromA2stomachA2andA2smallA2intestineA2
•A2stimulateA2targetA2cellsA2inA2sameA2orA2differentA2organsA2

LongA2reflexes:
•A2RespondA2toA2stimuliA2insideA2orA2outsideA2theA2GIA2tractA2
⬧A2Eg.A2ThoughtA2orA2smellA2ofA2foodA2
•A2AutonomicA2controlA2/A2CentralA2NervousA2system

WhatA2areA2theA2fourA2digestiveA2processes?A2-A2Ans--
Motility,A2secretion,A2absorption,A2digestion

WhatA2doesA2itA2meanA2byA2Motility?A2WhatA2areA2theA2twoA2typesA2ofA2it?A2-A2Ans---
A2MuscularA2contractionsA2thatA2mixA2andA2moveA2forwardA2theA2contentsA2ofA2theA2digesti
veA2tractA2

, 1)A2PeristalsisA2
•A2Propulsive
-
A2RhythmicA2wavesA2ofA2smoothA2muscleA2contractionA2inA2theA2gutA2areA2theA2resultA2ofA2
wavesA2ofA2actionA2potentialsA2movingA2alongA2viaA2gapA2junctions.
2)A2SegmentationA2
•A2MixingA2movementsA2
⬧A2promotesA2digestionA2ofA2foodsA2
⬧A2FacilitatesA2absorption
-A2mixesA2allA2theA2digestiveA2enzymesA2asA2well,A2andA2givenA2usA2timeA2toA2absorbA2
sitA2andA2mixA2->A2peristalsisA2->A2stopA2sitA2andA2mixA2-
>A2peristalsisA2andA2repeatingA2process

WhatA2typesA2ofA2hormonesA2areA2releasesA2inA2theA2GIA2Tract?
A2WhereA2areA2certainA2digestiveA2enzymesA2found?
A2WhichA2partsA2ofA2theA2GIA2tractA2isA2linedA2withA2mucous?A2-A2Ans--Hormones:
-A2CCK,A2gastrin,A2secretinA2
•A2AffectA2motilityA2andA2secretionsA2

DigestiveA2Enzymes:
-A2mouthA2
-A2Stomach
-A2SmallA2intestineA2

Mucous:
-A2Mouth,A2
-A2stomach
-A2S.A2Intestine

WhichA2structuresA2inA2theA2GIA2TractA2helpsA2withA2absorption?A2-A2Ans--
VilliA2andA2microvilliA2IncreaseA2surfaceA2areaA2forA2absorption
-A2eachA2oneA2ofA2theseA2haveA2theirA2ownA2bloodA2supplyA2andA2lymphA2supplyA2(lacteal)

HowA2doesA2mechanicalA2digestionA2occur?A2-A2Ans---
A2MechanicalA2digestionA2byA2chewingA2
-ChemicalA2break-downA2byA2enzymesA2ofA2Carbohydrates,A2Proteins,A2Fats

WhatA2areA2theA2digestionA2ofA2differentA2carbohydrates?A2-A2Ans---A2StarchA2-
A2usuallyA22/3A2ofA2carbohydratesA2
-A2DissaccaridesA2(eg.A2Sucrose,A2Lactose)A2
-A2MonosaccaridesA2(eg.A2Glucose)A2
-A2ComplexA2carbohydratesA2(i.e.A2fibre)
-A2ex:A2corn,A2dontA2haveA2theA2enzymesA2toA2digestA2themA2wellA2
-A2anyA2ofA2thisA2thatA2weA2takeA2in,A2goesA2intoA2theA2largeA2intestineA2toA2beA2excreted