Medsurg Exam 3- Diabetes, Cardiac, Musculoskeletal
1. What is diabetes?: Chronic hyperglycemia resulting from problems with glucose regulation
2. How many types of diabetes are there?: Two
Type 1
Type 2
3. What is the normal blood sugar range for a non-diabetic patient?: 70-110
4. What type of diabetes are you born with?: Type 1
5. What diabetes do you get at a later age?: Type 2
6. What is type 1 diabetes?: body does not produce insulin
7. What is type 2 diabetes?: the body is insulin resistant, the body does not use insulin properly
8. What does insulin do for the body?: lowers blood glucose
9. What does glucose do for the body?: supplies energy for the body
10. How to remember what glucose does for the body?: glucose is the GLU(e), it helps energize the body to hold it together
11. Main risk facts for type 1 diabetes?: Family history genetics
post viral infection
Very thin abrupt
onset
12. When is type 1 diabetes typically diagnosed?: childhood
13. Risk factors for type 2 diabetes?: Weight
Family History
Inactivity
Hx of gestational diabetes
14. What cultures are most at risk for type 2 diabetes?: Hispanic
African American
Native American
Asian American
Pacific Islander
15. When is type 2 diabetes typically diagnosed?: adulthood
16. What are some S/S of type 1 diabetes?: Hyperglycemia
3 P's (polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia) Weight loss
Not growing in weight or height
Very pronounced symptoms
Abrupt onset
,17. What are some S/S of type 2 diabetes?: Hyperglycemia
3 P's (polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia)
Weight gain
Hidden Symptoms
Very slow onset
18. What does fiber do to blood sugar levels?: Lowers it
19. How to manage type 1 diabetes?: Insulin- DAILY
Diet- count carbs, 3 meals a day, snacks, keep consistent at the same time everyday
Blood Sugar Monitoring: ACHS
Education to client- nutritionist, dietician
20. What does ACHS stand for?: before meals and at bedtime
21. How to manage type 2 diabetes?: Diet & Exercise can reverse type 2 diabetes
Possible medication- oral to start
Frequent blood sugar monitoring
Educating Patient- dietician, nutritionist
22. Labs and Diagnostics for Diabetes: Blood Glucose
Hemoglobin A1C
Glucose Tolerance Test
Postprandial
Urine Screening
23. What test tells you the patients average blood sugar for the past 3 months?-
: A1C
24. What does a diabetics skin look like?: Shiny, thin, pale and cool
Cracks/breaks in skin
Infection- bacteria LOVES sugar
Unhealed injection site
Diabetic dermopathy
25. What do a diabetics eyes look like?: Cataracts and or retinal problems
26 What peripherally does a patient with diabetes present like?: Hair loss
Pulses are weak or absent
Nails are thick
Erectile dysfunction
, 27. What are the cardiac risks for a patient with diabetes?: Angina MI
28. What are the respiratory risks for a patient with diabetes?: Dyspnea
29. What are the kidney risks for a patient with diabetes?: Edema
UTI
Urinary Retention
30. What are some GI risks for a patient with diabetes?: Dental Caries
Periodontal Disease
Candidiasis
31. What are some nursing interventions for a patient with diabetes?: Blood Sugar
Monitoring
Diet
Client Teaching
32. What is the sick day rule for a patient with diabetes?: check more frequent- every 2-3 hours
Increase fluids 2-3L
33. What does a diabetic diet look like?: Carb counting Low Carb
No concentrated sweets
Match carbs with the amount of insulin given
34. What are some teaching for a diabetic patient wanting to exercise?: NEVER WORKOUT ON PEAK OF INSULIN
Don't workout the site of last injection (dont hit core if you just did an abdominal injection)
Blood sugar must be maintained before regularly working out too
high / too low: no working out Always eat a snack before hand
1. What is diabetes?: Chronic hyperglycemia resulting from problems with glucose regulation
2. How many types of diabetes are there?: Two
Type 1
Type 2
3. What is the normal blood sugar range for a non-diabetic patient?: 70-110
4. What type of diabetes are you born with?: Type 1
5. What diabetes do you get at a later age?: Type 2
6. What is type 1 diabetes?: body does not produce insulin
7. What is type 2 diabetes?: the body is insulin resistant, the body does not use insulin properly
8. What does insulin do for the body?: lowers blood glucose
9. What does glucose do for the body?: supplies energy for the body
10. How to remember what glucose does for the body?: glucose is the GLU(e), it helps energize the body to hold it together
11. Main risk facts for type 1 diabetes?: Family history genetics
post viral infection
Very thin abrupt
onset
12. When is type 1 diabetes typically diagnosed?: childhood
13. Risk factors for type 2 diabetes?: Weight
Family History
Inactivity
Hx of gestational diabetes
14. What cultures are most at risk for type 2 diabetes?: Hispanic
African American
Native American
Asian American
Pacific Islander
15. When is type 2 diabetes typically diagnosed?: adulthood
16. What are some S/S of type 1 diabetes?: Hyperglycemia
3 P's (polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia) Weight loss
Not growing in weight or height
Very pronounced symptoms
Abrupt onset
,17. What are some S/S of type 2 diabetes?: Hyperglycemia
3 P's (polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia)
Weight gain
Hidden Symptoms
Very slow onset
18. What does fiber do to blood sugar levels?: Lowers it
19. How to manage type 1 diabetes?: Insulin- DAILY
Diet- count carbs, 3 meals a day, snacks, keep consistent at the same time everyday
Blood Sugar Monitoring: ACHS
Education to client- nutritionist, dietician
20. What does ACHS stand for?: before meals and at bedtime
21. How to manage type 2 diabetes?: Diet & Exercise can reverse type 2 diabetes
Possible medication- oral to start
Frequent blood sugar monitoring
Educating Patient- dietician, nutritionist
22. Labs and Diagnostics for Diabetes: Blood Glucose
Hemoglobin A1C
Glucose Tolerance Test
Postprandial
Urine Screening
23. What test tells you the patients average blood sugar for the past 3 months?-
: A1C
24. What does a diabetics skin look like?: Shiny, thin, pale and cool
Cracks/breaks in skin
Infection- bacteria LOVES sugar
Unhealed injection site
Diabetic dermopathy
25. What do a diabetics eyes look like?: Cataracts and or retinal problems
26 What peripherally does a patient with diabetes present like?: Hair loss
Pulses are weak or absent
Nails are thick
Erectile dysfunction
, 27. What are the cardiac risks for a patient with diabetes?: Angina MI
28. What are the respiratory risks for a patient with diabetes?: Dyspnea
29. What are the kidney risks for a patient with diabetes?: Edema
UTI
Urinary Retention
30. What are some GI risks for a patient with diabetes?: Dental Caries
Periodontal Disease
Candidiasis
31. What are some nursing interventions for a patient with diabetes?: Blood Sugar
Monitoring
Diet
Client Teaching
32. What is the sick day rule for a patient with diabetes?: check more frequent- every 2-3 hours
Increase fluids 2-3L
33. What does a diabetic diet look like?: Carb counting Low Carb
No concentrated sweets
Match carbs with the amount of insulin given
34. What are some teaching for a diabetic patient wanting to exercise?: NEVER WORKOUT ON PEAK OF INSULIN
Don't workout the site of last injection (dont hit core if you just did an abdominal injection)
Blood sugar must be maintained before regularly working out too
high / too low: no working out Always eat a snack before hand
