2026-2027 Frequently Tested Exam
Questions With Verified Multiple
Choice and Conceptual Actual 100%
Correct Detailed Answers
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1. Who founded chiropractic, and in what year?
Answer: D.D. Palmer founded chiropractic in 1895 (“Old Dad Chiro”).
2. What was chiropractic originally called?
Answer: “A science of healing without drugs” — D.D. Palmer.
3. What is a dogma?
Answer: A principle or set of principles laid down by an authority as
incontrovertibly true; an irrefutable doctrine.
4. How many definitions of “subluxation” exist?
Answer: There are several, including:
• ACC definition (used by U.S. chiropractic colleges): Dynamic model
, • Medicare definition:
A motion segment with altered alignment, movement integrity, and/or
physiological function while joint surfaces remain intact; demonstrated by
X-ray or physical exam
• Medical definition: Partial dislocation
• D.D. & B.J. Palmer definition: Bone out of place (static model)
• International Chiropractic Association (ICA)
• American Chiropractic Association (ACA)
•
5. What did chiropractic evolve to incorporate?
Answer: Vitalism, spiritual inspiration, and rationalism.
6. What are the two chiropractic belief systems?
Answer:
• Testable principles (Materialism) → Mixers
• Untestable metaphors (Vitalism) → Straight chiropractors
7. What is the “straight” chiropractic approach?
Answer:
• Does not mix other therapies
• Narrow scope: spinal adjustments only
• Vitalistic, descriptive science
• Doctor-centered model
• Implicit process orientation
, • Separate and distinct from mainstream medicine
• Adheres to Palmer philosophy and doctrine (dogma)
8. What is the “mixer” chiropractic approach?
Answer:
• Open to conventional medicine when necessary
• Broad scope of practice
• Full-body adjustments
• Uses PT modalities, exercise, nutrition, and lifestyle modification
• Materialistic and experimental science orientation
• Integrated into mainstream healthcare
9. What is evidence-based (evidence-informed) practice?
Answer:
• Uses the best available evidence in patient treatment planning
• Incorporates multiple treatment methods
• Recognizes each patient as unique
• Emphasizes “evidence-informed” care
• Requires lifelong learning and continuing education (CEUs)
10. What is vitalism?
Answer:
• Life depends on a force distinct from chemical or physical forces
, • Life is non-material
• Untestable
• Living organisms contain a non-physical element
• Includes Universal Intelligence and Innate Intelligence
11. What is materialism?
Answer:
• Everything is physical
• All phenomena result from material interactions
• View of modern science
• Testable
12. What is a priori knowledge?
Answer:
• Knowledge gained through deduction
• Independent of experience
• Innate knowledge
13. What is a posteriori knowledge?
Answer:
• Knowledge dependent on experience
• Gained after birth through observation