Optometry-Exam 1
areas of speciality within optometry - Answer-primary care
pediatrics
vision rehabilitation
contact lenses/cornea
ocular disease
primary care - Answer-the diagnosis and management of ocular disease, refractive error and the co-
management of oculo-systemic disease, in patients from 12-100+
pediatrics - Answer-diagnosis and management of infants and children (6 mo-12 years) as well as
Traumatic Brain Injuries (TBIs), developmental disabilities, strabismus and amblyopia, binocular vision
disorders, accomodative and ocular motility disorders and vision-related learning problems
vision rehabilitation - Answer-the examination, treatment and management of patients with visual
impairments which cannot be fully treatable by medical, surgical or conventional eyewear or contact
lenses. Can involve the use of low vision aids such as magnifiers, specialized optical systems, therapeutic
filters, non-optical options, and/or video magnification, and the prescription of rehabilitation therapy to
effectively maximize visual functioning for activities of daily living
contact lenses/cornea - Answer-management of anterior segment disease including fitting of specialty
contact lenses for condition including keratoconus, presbyopia, aphakia, high astigmatism, corneal
reshaping, and post-surgical corneas
,ocular disease - Answer-management of ocular disease including by not limited to Neurophthalmic,
vitreo-retinal, glaucoma and emergency
What are the three important aspects of the eye and vision evaluated by a comprehensive eye exam? -
Answer-Optics/Refractive error, Binocular vision/Functional vision, and Ocular Health
What is emmetropia and when does it occur? - Answer-It is normal vision and occurs when the light
passes through both the cornea and lens to focus light on the retina
What is hyperopia and when does it occur? - Answer-It is farsightedness and occurs when the light
passes through both the cornea and the lens to focus light behind the retina
what is myopia and when does it occur? - Answer-it is nearsightedness and occurs when the eye's
focusing power is too strong and focuses light in front of the retina
What is the retina? - Answer-It is the imaging surface of the eye
What is the cornea - Answer-It is the clear front surface of the eye
What is the pupil and what is located directly behind it? - Answer-It is the aperture (opening) of the iris;
the lens is located immediately behind the pupil
When do refractive errors result? - Answer-They result when light entering the eye doesn't focus on the
retina
What do eye care providers use to correct refractive errors? - Answer-Optical aids such as spectacles
and contact lenses or surgical procedures such as LASIK
What is asthenopia? - Answer-It is eyestrain and can result from functional vision disorders
, What are dysfunctions of the vergence and accommodative systems called? - Answer-functional vision
disorders, binocular vision disorders and near point disorders
What are the symptoms caused by functional vision disorders? When do they occur? - Answer-They
include asthenopia, headache, blurry vision double vision, tired eyes, feeling tired during periods of
reading, avoidance of near activities or dislike of reading. They typically occur during or after periods of
near work.
In what populations do accommodative disorders have a high prevalance? - Answer-in the pediatric
population
What must the eyes do to see clearly and comfortable while looking at close objects? - Answer-They
must work together. They must be pointed at the same object and the focusing system should work
accurately and for prolonged periods of time.
What can result in eye health problems? - Answer-A problem with the anatomical structure of the eye or
a systemic medical condition that affects the eye
What is an example of a problem with anatomic structure of the lens? - Answer-cataract
What is an example of a medical condition that affects the eye? - Answer-hypertensive retinopathy
What is DDx? - Answer-Differential diagnosis is a group of possible diagnoses that would account for a
patient's symptoms
What is Sx? - Answer-A symptom is subject evidence of a disease noticed by a patient.
What is Sn? - Answer-A sign is an objective finding as evaluated by the examiner.
areas of speciality within optometry - Answer-primary care
pediatrics
vision rehabilitation
contact lenses/cornea
ocular disease
primary care - Answer-the diagnosis and management of ocular disease, refractive error and the co-
management of oculo-systemic disease, in patients from 12-100+
pediatrics - Answer-diagnosis and management of infants and children (6 mo-12 years) as well as
Traumatic Brain Injuries (TBIs), developmental disabilities, strabismus and amblyopia, binocular vision
disorders, accomodative and ocular motility disorders and vision-related learning problems
vision rehabilitation - Answer-the examination, treatment and management of patients with visual
impairments which cannot be fully treatable by medical, surgical or conventional eyewear or contact
lenses. Can involve the use of low vision aids such as magnifiers, specialized optical systems, therapeutic
filters, non-optical options, and/or video magnification, and the prescription of rehabilitation therapy to
effectively maximize visual functioning for activities of daily living
contact lenses/cornea - Answer-management of anterior segment disease including fitting of specialty
contact lenses for condition including keratoconus, presbyopia, aphakia, high astigmatism, corneal
reshaping, and post-surgical corneas
,ocular disease - Answer-management of ocular disease including by not limited to Neurophthalmic,
vitreo-retinal, glaucoma and emergency
What are the three important aspects of the eye and vision evaluated by a comprehensive eye exam? -
Answer-Optics/Refractive error, Binocular vision/Functional vision, and Ocular Health
What is emmetropia and when does it occur? - Answer-It is normal vision and occurs when the light
passes through both the cornea and lens to focus light on the retina
What is hyperopia and when does it occur? - Answer-It is farsightedness and occurs when the light
passes through both the cornea and the lens to focus light behind the retina
what is myopia and when does it occur? - Answer-it is nearsightedness and occurs when the eye's
focusing power is too strong and focuses light in front of the retina
What is the retina? - Answer-It is the imaging surface of the eye
What is the cornea - Answer-It is the clear front surface of the eye
What is the pupil and what is located directly behind it? - Answer-It is the aperture (opening) of the iris;
the lens is located immediately behind the pupil
When do refractive errors result? - Answer-They result when light entering the eye doesn't focus on the
retina
What do eye care providers use to correct refractive errors? - Answer-Optical aids such as spectacles
and contact lenses or surgical procedures such as LASIK
What is asthenopia? - Answer-It is eyestrain and can result from functional vision disorders
, What are dysfunctions of the vergence and accommodative systems called? - Answer-functional vision
disorders, binocular vision disorders and near point disorders
What are the symptoms caused by functional vision disorders? When do they occur? - Answer-They
include asthenopia, headache, blurry vision double vision, tired eyes, feeling tired during periods of
reading, avoidance of near activities or dislike of reading. They typically occur during or after periods of
near work.
In what populations do accommodative disorders have a high prevalance? - Answer-in the pediatric
population
What must the eyes do to see clearly and comfortable while looking at close objects? - Answer-They
must work together. They must be pointed at the same object and the focusing system should work
accurately and for prolonged periods of time.
What can result in eye health problems? - Answer-A problem with the anatomical structure of the eye or
a systemic medical condition that affects the eye
What is an example of a problem with anatomic structure of the lens? - Answer-cataract
What is an example of a medical condition that affects the eye? - Answer-hypertensive retinopathy
What is DDx? - Answer-Differential diagnosis is a group of possible diagnoses that would account for a
patient's symptoms
What is Sx? - Answer-A symptom is subject evidence of a disease noticed by a patient.
What is Sn? - Answer-A sign is an objective finding as evaluated by the examiner.
