PN 4006 midterm
Multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) - Answer-microorganisms, mostly bacteria, that are resistant to
one or more antimicrobial agents - staphylococus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant enterococci
(VRE), flostridum difficile (C. Difficile)
Medical asepsis (clean technique) - Answer-procedures to decrease the numbers and spread of
pathogens in the environment
Surgical aspesis - Answer-"Sterile Technique"
Reduces ALL pathogens and used in- dressing changes, catheterizations and surgical procedures
aspesis - Answer-absence of significant contamination
Principles of medical asepsis - Answer--before and after patient contact, perform hand hygiene with an
alcohol-based hand rub or soap and water = infection prevention
-assess a patient's susceptibility to infection
-Recognize elements of chain of infection and implement interventions to prevent onset/spread
-consistently incorporate the principles of asepsis into patient care
-Protect nurses and other health care providers from exposure to infectious agents through proper use,
cleaning and disposal of equipment
-understand the chain of infection leading to HAIs
What are examples of patient susceptibility to infection? - Answer-age, nutritional status, response to
stress, disease processes
,Surgical asepsis principles - Answer--All items within sterile field must be sterile
-sterile barrier that has been permeated by punctures, tears or moisture is considered contaminated
-Once the sterile package is opened, a 1 inch (2.5 cm) border around the edge = unsterile
-Tables draped with a sterile field are considered sterile only at table level
-Any question/doubt about sterility = unsterile
-sterile = sterile only and unsterile = unsterile only
-Movement around or in the sterile field must not compromise or contaminate
-sterile object or field out of range of vision or an objet held below a person's waist =
unsterile/contaminated
-A sterile object or field becomes contaminated by prolonged exposure to air - complete procedure
ASAP
What is the most effective method of preventing transmission of infectious organisms? - Answer-Hand
hygiene
chain of infection - Answer-infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of
entry, susceptible host
Standard Precautions - all patients (tier one) - Answer-A strict form of infection control that is based on
the assumption that all blood and other body fluids are infectious. - apply to blood products, body fluids,
secretions, excretions (except sweat), nonintact skin, mucous membranes
transmission-based precautions - specific patients (tier 2) - Answer-measures taken to prevent the
spread of diseases from people suspected to be infected or colonized with highly transmissible
pathogens that require measures beyond standard precautions to interrupt transmission, specifically,
airborne, droplet, and contact precautions
,Airborne precautions - Answer-Methods of infection control that must be used for patients known or
suspected to be infected with pathogens transmitted by airborne droplet nuclei.
What PPE and barrier protection is put in place for airborne precautions? - Answer--Mask on patient
-Private room, negative-pressure airflow
-Immunize asap
-PPE = n95 mask
Which diseases do we use Airborne Precautions for? - Answer-Used for those suspected to be infected
with pathogens transmitted via airborne route - tuberculosis, measles, chicken pox, disseminated herpes
zoster
Droplet precautions - Answer-Methods of infection control that must be used for patients known or
suspected to be infected with pathogens transmitted by large particle droplets expelled during
coughing, sneezing, talking, or laughing.
When to use droplet precautions? - Answer--Patients known or suspected to be infected by pathogens
transmitted by respiratory droplets that are generated by a patient who is coughing, sneezing or talking
-being within 4 feet of patient
examples of droplet diseases - Answer-Rubella, mumps, rinovirus, pertussis, influenza, mycoplasma
pneumoniae, pneumonic plague, respiratory syncytial virus
What PPE and barrier protection is put in place for droplet precautions? - Answer--Mask on patient
-Private or cohort room
-PPE - mask
Contact precautions - Answer-practices used to prevent spread of disease by direct or indirect contact
, When to use contact precautions? - Answer-For patients with known or suspected infections that
represent an increased risk for contact transmission - direct patient contact or environmental contact
Examples of contact precautions - Answer-MRSA, VRE, cdiff, scabies, herpes simplex
PPE and barrier protection for contact precautions - Answer--Private room rr cohort
-PPE - gloves, gown
-Prioritize cleaning room
-Use disposable or dedicated patient-care equipment
Hand hygiene includes - Answer--Washing hands with soap and water
-Washing hands with antisepctic hand wash
-Washing hands with an alcohol-based hand rub
-Washing hands with antisepsis
hand washing steps - Answer-Use hot water.
Apply bar or liquid soap. Antibacterial soap is not necessary.
Scrub vigorously for 10-15 seconds, making sure to wash in between fingers and under nails.
Rinse thoroughly.
Use paper towel to turn off faucet.
Multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) - Answer-microorganisms, mostly bacteria, that are resistant to
one or more antimicrobial agents - staphylococus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant enterococci
(VRE), flostridum difficile (C. Difficile)
Medical asepsis (clean technique) - Answer-procedures to decrease the numbers and spread of
pathogens in the environment
Surgical aspesis - Answer-"Sterile Technique"
Reduces ALL pathogens and used in- dressing changes, catheterizations and surgical procedures
aspesis - Answer-absence of significant contamination
Principles of medical asepsis - Answer--before and after patient contact, perform hand hygiene with an
alcohol-based hand rub or soap and water = infection prevention
-assess a patient's susceptibility to infection
-Recognize elements of chain of infection and implement interventions to prevent onset/spread
-consistently incorporate the principles of asepsis into patient care
-Protect nurses and other health care providers from exposure to infectious agents through proper use,
cleaning and disposal of equipment
-understand the chain of infection leading to HAIs
What are examples of patient susceptibility to infection? - Answer-age, nutritional status, response to
stress, disease processes
,Surgical asepsis principles - Answer--All items within sterile field must be sterile
-sterile barrier that has been permeated by punctures, tears or moisture is considered contaminated
-Once the sterile package is opened, a 1 inch (2.5 cm) border around the edge = unsterile
-Tables draped with a sterile field are considered sterile only at table level
-Any question/doubt about sterility = unsterile
-sterile = sterile only and unsterile = unsterile only
-Movement around or in the sterile field must not compromise or contaminate
-sterile object or field out of range of vision or an objet held below a person's waist =
unsterile/contaminated
-A sterile object or field becomes contaminated by prolonged exposure to air - complete procedure
ASAP
What is the most effective method of preventing transmission of infectious organisms? - Answer-Hand
hygiene
chain of infection - Answer-infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of
entry, susceptible host
Standard Precautions - all patients (tier one) - Answer-A strict form of infection control that is based on
the assumption that all blood and other body fluids are infectious. - apply to blood products, body fluids,
secretions, excretions (except sweat), nonintact skin, mucous membranes
transmission-based precautions - specific patients (tier 2) - Answer-measures taken to prevent the
spread of diseases from people suspected to be infected or colonized with highly transmissible
pathogens that require measures beyond standard precautions to interrupt transmission, specifically,
airborne, droplet, and contact precautions
,Airborne precautions - Answer-Methods of infection control that must be used for patients known or
suspected to be infected with pathogens transmitted by airborne droplet nuclei.
What PPE and barrier protection is put in place for airborne precautions? - Answer--Mask on patient
-Private room, negative-pressure airflow
-Immunize asap
-PPE = n95 mask
Which diseases do we use Airborne Precautions for? - Answer-Used for those suspected to be infected
with pathogens transmitted via airborne route - tuberculosis, measles, chicken pox, disseminated herpes
zoster
Droplet precautions - Answer-Methods of infection control that must be used for patients known or
suspected to be infected with pathogens transmitted by large particle droplets expelled during
coughing, sneezing, talking, or laughing.
When to use droplet precautions? - Answer--Patients known or suspected to be infected by pathogens
transmitted by respiratory droplets that are generated by a patient who is coughing, sneezing or talking
-being within 4 feet of patient
examples of droplet diseases - Answer-Rubella, mumps, rinovirus, pertussis, influenza, mycoplasma
pneumoniae, pneumonic plague, respiratory syncytial virus
What PPE and barrier protection is put in place for droplet precautions? - Answer--Mask on patient
-Private or cohort room
-PPE - mask
Contact precautions - Answer-practices used to prevent spread of disease by direct or indirect contact
, When to use contact precautions? - Answer-For patients with known or suspected infections that
represent an increased risk for contact transmission - direct patient contact or environmental contact
Examples of contact precautions - Answer-MRSA, VRE, cdiff, scabies, herpes simplex
PPE and barrier protection for contact precautions - Answer--Private room rr cohort
-PPE - gloves, gown
-Prioritize cleaning room
-Use disposable or dedicated patient-care equipment
Hand hygiene includes - Answer--Washing hands with soap and water
-Washing hands with antisepctic hand wash
-Washing hands with an alcohol-based hand rub
-Washing hands with antisepsis
hand washing steps - Answer-Use hot water.
Apply bar or liquid soap. Antibacterial soap is not necessary.
Scrub vigorously for 10-15 seconds, making sure to wash in between fingers and under nails.
Rinse thoroughly.
Use paper towel to turn off faucet.
