Multicultural Exam 2 Review Questions And Answers Well Defined.

Doing Multiculturalism - correct answers How would you go about interacting effectively? -become aware of another person's culture (cultural awareness) -Appreciate culture and communication links (verbally) though non-verbal cues -see others as opportunities more Cooperative principle - correct answers assumes we strive for sincere and effective communication 1. manner: speak appropriately; clear. brief, succinct, organized, ambiguity 2. quality: tell the truth (be authentic) speak what you know and believe is true; what you have evidence for 3. quantity: say appropriate amount. contribute info, detail, etc. as required at time/situation 4. relevance: stick to the topic/focus. speak to what is related to the interaction/situation at hand. 2- extra from modern multiculturalism: (relations and violation) -Use relations w/ communication partner. ex. past relations, fill-in for others -ID your communication rule violations ex. stepping out of communication rules Nonverbal Aspects of Communication - correct answers1. Proxemics: individual boundaries and personal space, esp. during conversation. (18 inches away for close convos) 2. Kinesics: bodily movements, incl. facial expressions, eye gaze, and hand gestures. Note: Affect blends, emblems, display rules. Emblems - correct answers Display rules - correct answers Paralanguage - correct answersvocal cues, incl. loudness, tone, rate of speech, length/# of silences (ex. not giving length of a pause for someone to talk) Context or Place - correct answers1. High (low) context comm. Context conveys much (little) of the meaning. If a low context the context is conveying a little of the meaning. In the U.S. we are a low context situation- pay more attention to people and not as much context. 2. Indirect (direct) communication: great (minimal) reliance on context and receiver's inference. Meaning dependent on who was the person takin in the information. 3. Context: f/x permeate x-race communication. Race can sometimes play out differently with race having different meanings across sub-cultures. Practice what we preach - correct answers-Are white people a colored people? -can racial/ethnic people be racist? Outcome/process distinctions - correct answerswhether comm. emphasizes message transfer or as means to sharing infinite interpretations Differentiation of linguistic codes - correct answersnumber and specificity of display rules, etc.. Some displays may give you a linguistic code Multiculturalists - correct answersoften study impact and how directness differs in communication Do the right thing - correct answersdo you remember the diffs in DTRT? in/direct differences in the sender/receiver How do we go about listening vs hearing other people? - correct answersCan you tell someone's cultural background Ethnicity/Race from listening to them speak? Outcome/Process distinctions: - correct answersWhether comm. emphasizes message transfer or as means to sharing infinite interpretations Differentiation of Linguistic Codes - correct answersNumber and specificity of display rules etc. Multiculturalists often study impact and how direct-ness differs in communication -Do you remember the diffs. in DTRT ex. in/direct, sender/receiver Race/Ethnicity and Communication - correct answersCan someone sound Black/White? -Multiculturalists propose 7 issues in Africa American communication 1) Negative stereotyping: typical neg casting, indirect, limiting comm. 2) Acceptance 3) Person expressive 4) Authenticity 5) Understanding 6) Goal Attainment 7) Power Dynamics *may result in code-switching Latino/White Distinctions in communication also exists - correct answersMulticulturalist propose these notable elements: 1) Contact culture and expressiveness (more touching, greater interpersonal warmth) called contact cultures 2) Collectivism 3) Present-Time Orientation 4) Being Ornt 5) Family values 6) Fatalism *Language code-switching Bilingual Communication - correct answers Communication of Elderly - correct answers-Age/Experience distinctions: Seem obvious, but only limited studies/data -Grandparent-Grandchild interaction transmit knowledge of lived history to youth -Multiculturalists (other psychologists) beginning to study modernity impact and "aging com in different cultures Cooperative principle - correct answersassumes we strive for sincere and effective comm *what is the role of Gender? Multiculturalism attempts to account for... - correct answersInfluence of Worldviews on behavior, e.g., intelligence, race, gender diffs. WORLDVIEW: - correct answersPsychological orientation/perception of self and world that determines how we think, feel, and act. Note: worldviews can be either narrow or broad ETIC Perspective: - correct answersBehavior theories built on common elements across many cultures. • EMIC Perspective: - correct answersBehavioral understanding derived from focus within a single culture. Individualists - correct answersare motivated more by own desires & needs, whereas Collectivists are motivated more by group's desires, needs, etc. Self & Other "views" depend on worldview. Considering worldview & self-regulation emotions - correct answerswhen one does something wrong, among Individualists →Guilt (Collectivists →Shame) Triandis' Worldview Model Individualism-Collectivism - correct answersdimensions Views & motivation of Self vs. Society Triandis' Worldview Model Horizontal-Vertical - correct answersDImension Hierarchy of Self w/in Society (i.e., be in competition or coordination) Sue's Worldview Model Locus of Control - correct answersDimensions Focus on control over life decisions & outcomes (Self vs. Situation). Sue's Worldview Model Locus of responsibility - correct answersDimensions Focus on responsibility for life station (Personal vs. Societal). How would you go about interacting effectively? - correct answersBecome aware of another person's culture (cultural awareness). Appreciate culture & comm. links (verbally) thru non-verbal cues. cultural awareness - correct answersBecome aware of another person's culture non-verbal - correct answersAppreciate culture & comm. links (verbally) thru non-verbal cues. "Doing" Multiculturalism - correct answersSee others as opportunities to better navigate our (cultural) environments. "Doing" Multiculturalism Learn to appreciate communication and differences therein. How does this person's worldview show up in their communication? Cooperative principle - correct answersassumes we strive for sincere & effective comm. (manner, quality, quantity, relevence, relations) Manner: - correct answers"Speak" appropriately; clear. Being brief/succinct, organized; Avoiding ambiguity, undue words Quality: - correct answersTell the truth (be authentic). Speak what you know & believe is true; What you have evidence for Quantity: - correct answersSay appropriate amount. Contribute info, detail, etc. as required at time/situation Relevance - correct answersStick to the topic/focus. Speak to what is related to the interaction/situation at hand Use relations w/ comm.-partnerUse relations w/ comm.-partner/ rule violations - correct answerspast relations, fill-in for others -•ID your comm. rule violations, e.g., stepping out of comm. rules Nonverbal Aspects of Comm. - correct answers-Proxemics kinesics, emblems, display rules, paralanguage Proxemics - correct answersIndividual boundaries and personal space, esp. during conversation. Kinesics - correct answersBodily movements, incl. facial expressions, eye gaze, and hand gestures. Note: Affect Blends, Emblems, Display Rules Emblems - correct answersNV gestures w/ culture-specificity Display Rules - correct answersCultural rules that set which/when/how NVs are appropriate Paralanguage - correct answers Vocal cues, incl. loudness, tone, rate of speech, length/# of silences. Context or place aspects of communication - correct answers-• High (Low) Context Comm. Context conveys much (little) of the meaning.