Nurse Practitioner EBP Practice Test Bank –
150 Q&A | 100% Correct. Rationale Included
(2025/2026)
1. Which of the following best defines evidence-based practice
(EBP)?
A. Clinical decisions based solely on clinician experience
B. Use of research findings exclusively in patient care
C. Integration of clinical expertise, patient values, and best
research evidence
D. Following hospital policies without variation
Rationale: EBP involves combining clinical expertise, patient
preferences, and the best available research to make decisions about
patient care.
2. What is the first step in the EBP process?
A. Evaluate outcomes
B. Implement change
C. Formulate a clinical question
D. Critically appraise evidence
Rationale: Formulating a clear clinical question is the initial step to
guide the search for relevant evidence.
3. In the PICO format, what does the "C" represent?
A. Care plan
B. Control or comparison group
C. Comparison intervention
D. Clinical outcome
,Rationale: In PICO, “C” refers to the comparison intervention, which is
used to compare against the primary intervention.
4. Which study design is considered the highest level of evidence for
therapeutic questions?
A. Cohort study
B. Case-control study
C. Randomized controlled trial (RCT)
D. Case report
Rationale: RCTs minimize bias and are considered the gold standard
for determining intervention efficacy.
5. Which type of bias occurs when study participants are aware of
their group assignment?
A. Selection bias
B. Performance bias
C. Detection bias
D. Reporting bias
Rationale: Performance bias occurs when knowledge of group
assignment affects participants’ behavior.
6. What is the main purpose of a systematic review?
A. To provide anecdotal evidence
B. To summarize and critically appraise multiple studies on a
specific question
C. To conduct a single experiment
D. To describe case studies
Rationale: Systematic reviews synthesize findings from multiple
studies and assess their quality to provide reliable conclusions.
7. A meta-analysis differs from a systematic review in that it:
A. Only includes qualitative studies
, B. Statistically combines results from multiple studies
C. Does not require a search strategy
D. Focuses on expert opinion
Rationale: Meta-analyses pool data from multiple studies to provide a
quantitative summary of evidence.
8. When appraising evidence, which factor is most important to
consider?
A. Number of authors
B. Journal impact factor
C. Validity and reliability of the study
D. Length of the study
Rationale: Validity and reliability determine the trustworthiness of
study findings.
9. What is the main limitation of a case series in EBP?
A. High cost
B. Lack of control group, limiting causal inference
C. Complex methodology
D. Requires randomization
Rationale: Case series provide descriptive data but cannot establish
causality due to no control group.
10. Which outcome is considered the most objective in clinical
research?
A. Patient satisfaction
B. Laboratory values
C. Symptom report
D. Quality of life score
Rationale: Laboratory values are objective measures less prone to
subjective bias.
, 11. What does a p-value less than 0.05 indicate?
A. The results are clinically significant
B. The results are statistically significant
C. The null hypothesis is true
D. There is no difference between groups
Rationale: A p-value < 0.05 indicates a low probability that the
observed results are due to chance.
12. Confidence intervals provide information about:
A. Only statistical significance
B. Only effect size
C. The range within which the true effect likely lies
D. Patient satisfaction
Rationale: Confidence intervals indicate the precision of an estimate
and the range of values consistent with the data.
13. What type of research provides the lowest level of
evidence?
A. RCT
B. Cohort study
C. Expert opinion
D. Systematic review
Rationale: Expert opinion lacks empirical data and is considered the
lowest level of evidence.
14. In a clinical question, the "O" in PICO refers to:
A. Objective assessment
B. Observational study
C. Outcome of interest
D. Onset of disease
150 Q&A | 100% Correct. Rationale Included
(2025/2026)
1. Which of the following best defines evidence-based practice
(EBP)?
A. Clinical decisions based solely on clinician experience
B. Use of research findings exclusively in patient care
C. Integration of clinical expertise, patient values, and best
research evidence
D. Following hospital policies without variation
Rationale: EBP involves combining clinical expertise, patient
preferences, and the best available research to make decisions about
patient care.
2. What is the first step in the EBP process?
A. Evaluate outcomes
B. Implement change
C. Formulate a clinical question
D. Critically appraise evidence
Rationale: Formulating a clear clinical question is the initial step to
guide the search for relevant evidence.
3. In the PICO format, what does the "C" represent?
A. Care plan
B. Control or comparison group
C. Comparison intervention
D. Clinical outcome
,Rationale: In PICO, “C” refers to the comparison intervention, which is
used to compare against the primary intervention.
4. Which study design is considered the highest level of evidence for
therapeutic questions?
A. Cohort study
B. Case-control study
C. Randomized controlled trial (RCT)
D. Case report
Rationale: RCTs minimize bias and are considered the gold standard
for determining intervention efficacy.
5. Which type of bias occurs when study participants are aware of
their group assignment?
A. Selection bias
B. Performance bias
C. Detection bias
D. Reporting bias
Rationale: Performance bias occurs when knowledge of group
assignment affects participants’ behavior.
6. What is the main purpose of a systematic review?
A. To provide anecdotal evidence
B. To summarize and critically appraise multiple studies on a
specific question
C. To conduct a single experiment
D. To describe case studies
Rationale: Systematic reviews synthesize findings from multiple
studies and assess their quality to provide reliable conclusions.
7. A meta-analysis differs from a systematic review in that it:
A. Only includes qualitative studies
, B. Statistically combines results from multiple studies
C. Does not require a search strategy
D. Focuses on expert opinion
Rationale: Meta-analyses pool data from multiple studies to provide a
quantitative summary of evidence.
8. When appraising evidence, which factor is most important to
consider?
A. Number of authors
B. Journal impact factor
C. Validity and reliability of the study
D. Length of the study
Rationale: Validity and reliability determine the trustworthiness of
study findings.
9. What is the main limitation of a case series in EBP?
A. High cost
B. Lack of control group, limiting causal inference
C. Complex methodology
D. Requires randomization
Rationale: Case series provide descriptive data but cannot establish
causality due to no control group.
10. Which outcome is considered the most objective in clinical
research?
A. Patient satisfaction
B. Laboratory values
C. Symptom report
D. Quality of life score
Rationale: Laboratory values are objective measures less prone to
subjective bias.
, 11. What does a p-value less than 0.05 indicate?
A. The results are clinically significant
B. The results are statistically significant
C. The null hypothesis is true
D. There is no difference between groups
Rationale: A p-value < 0.05 indicates a low probability that the
observed results are due to chance.
12. Confidence intervals provide information about:
A. Only statistical significance
B. Only effect size
C. The range within which the true effect likely lies
D. Patient satisfaction
Rationale: Confidence intervals indicate the precision of an estimate
and the range of values consistent with the data.
13. What type of research provides the lowest level of
evidence?
A. RCT
B. Cohort study
C. Expert opinion
D. Systematic review
Rationale: Expert opinion lacks empirical data and is considered the
lowest level of evidence.
14. In a clinical question, the "O" in PICO refers to:
A. Objective assessment
B. Observational study
C. Outcome of interest
D. Onset of disease
