NUR 417 EXAM 2 2026 QUESTIONS WITH
ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ What are appropriate nursing interventions for cystic fibrosis?
Answer: -Postural drainage
-Postural drainage and percussion (PD&P)
-Exercise
-Huff coughing
-Bronchodilator medication delivered in an aerosol
-Dornase alfa [Pulmozyme]), decreases the viscosity of mucus
-Nebulized hypertonic saline (6%-7%)
-Pulmonary infections are treated as soon as they are recognized
-Oxygen administration is used for children with acute episodes
-Nutrition therapy
◉ Cystic Fibrosis Related Diabetes Answer: •Pancreatic insufficiency
due to blockage of pancreatic ducts due to mucus
•Lack of pancreatic enzymes
•Treated with pancrelipase (Creon)
◉ What is the pathophysiology of RSV (bronchiolitis)? Answer: -The
ciliated cells swell, protrude into the lumen, and lose their cilia
,-The walls of the bronchi and bronchioles are infiltrated with
inflammatory cells
-hyperinflation, obstructive emphysema resulting from partial
obstruction, and patchy areas of atelectasis.
-Dilation of bronchial passages on inspiration allows sufficient space
for intake of air
-narrowing of the passages on expiration prevents air from leaving
the lungs. Thus air is trapped distal to the obstruction and causes
progressive overinflation (emphysema)
◉ What are appropriate nursing assessments for RSV? Answer: -
Initial s&s: Rhinorrhea, Pharyngitis, Coughing/sneezing, Wheezing,
Possible ear or eye drainage, Intermittent fever
-Progression of Illness: Increased coughing and wheezing,
Tachypnea and retractions, Cyanosis
-Severe Illness: Tachypnea, >70 breaths/min, Listlessness, Apneic
spells, Poor air exchange; decreased breath sounds
*infants may have several days of URI symptoms or no symptoms
except slight lethargy, poor feeding, or irritability
◉ What are appropriate nursing interventions for RSV? Answer: -
Clinical assessments, noninvasive O2 monitoring, and blood gas
values may guide therapy
-treated at home if maintaining hydration, do not have respiratory
distress, and do not need oxygen therapy
,-Humidified oxygen to maintain adequate oxygenation (SpO2) at or
above 90%
-Routine chest percussion and postural drainage are not
recommended
-Infants with abundant nasal secretions benefit from regular
suctioning, especially for feeding and bedtime
-Fluids by mouth may be contraindicated because of tachypnea,
weakness, and fatigue; therefore IV fluids may be used in the acute
stage
-encourage breastfeeding, avoid passive tobacco smoke exposure,
and promote preventive measures, including hand washing and the
administration of palivizumab (Synagis) to high-risk infants
-meds: Racemic epinephrine, sometimes corticosteroids, ribivarin
only in high risk patients
◉ What is the pathophysiology of epiglottitis? Answer: -epiglottis is
long and floppy, can become swollen and/or infected and occlude
the airway.
-Inflammatory process: caused by Haemophilus influenzae -
bacterial, viruses, or ingestion of hot fluids/foods or foreign body,
caustic agents, smoke inhalation, crack cocaine.
-Results in supraglottic obstruction.
-Has an acute onset.
-Child may go to bed asymptomatic to awaken later, complaining of
sore throat and pain on swallowing
, ◉ What are appropriate nursing assessments for epiglottitis?
Answer: -3 clinical observations that are predictive of epiglottitis are
absence of spontaneous cough, presence of drooling, and agitation
-Examination of the throat with a tongue depressor is
contraindicated
-Major symptoms: Dysphagia, Stridor aggravated when supine,
Drooling, High fever, Toxic appearance, Rapid pulse and respirations
-The child is irritable; extremely restless; and has an anxious,
apprehensive, and frightened expression. The voice is thick and
muffled, with a frog like croaking sound on inspiration, but the child
is not hoarse. Suprasternal and substernal retractions may be
evident. -The child seldom struggles to breathe, and slow, quiet
breathing provides better air exchange. The throat is red and
inflamed, and a distinctive large, cherry red, edematous epiglottis is
visible on careful throat inspection.
-Child has a fever; appears sicker than clinical findings suggest;
insists on "tripoding" with tongue protruding
◉ What nursing interventions are appropriate for epiglottitis?
Answer: -Nasotracheal intubation or tracheostomy
-Humidified oxygen is administered as necessary either via mask in
older children or blow-by in younger children to avoid further
agitation
-antibiotic therapy (ceftriaxone sodium or alternate cephalosporin)
ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ What are appropriate nursing interventions for cystic fibrosis?
Answer: -Postural drainage
-Postural drainage and percussion (PD&P)
-Exercise
-Huff coughing
-Bronchodilator medication delivered in an aerosol
-Dornase alfa [Pulmozyme]), decreases the viscosity of mucus
-Nebulized hypertonic saline (6%-7%)
-Pulmonary infections are treated as soon as they are recognized
-Oxygen administration is used for children with acute episodes
-Nutrition therapy
◉ Cystic Fibrosis Related Diabetes Answer: •Pancreatic insufficiency
due to blockage of pancreatic ducts due to mucus
•Lack of pancreatic enzymes
•Treated with pancrelipase (Creon)
◉ What is the pathophysiology of RSV (bronchiolitis)? Answer: -The
ciliated cells swell, protrude into the lumen, and lose their cilia
,-The walls of the bronchi and bronchioles are infiltrated with
inflammatory cells
-hyperinflation, obstructive emphysema resulting from partial
obstruction, and patchy areas of atelectasis.
-Dilation of bronchial passages on inspiration allows sufficient space
for intake of air
-narrowing of the passages on expiration prevents air from leaving
the lungs. Thus air is trapped distal to the obstruction and causes
progressive overinflation (emphysema)
◉ What are appropriate nursing assessments for RSV? Answer: -
Initial s&s: Rhinorrhea, Pharyngitis, Coughing/sneezing, Wheezing,
Possible ear or eye drainage, Intermittent fever
-Progression of Illness: Increased coughing and wheezing,
Tachypnea and retractions, Cyanosis
-Severe Illness: Tachypnea, >70 breaths/min, Listlessness, Apneic
spells, Poor air exchange; decreased breath sounds
*infants may have several days of URI symptoms or no symptoms
except slight lethargy, poor feeding, or irritability
◉ What are appropriate nursing interventions for RSV? Answer: -
Clinical assessments, noninvasive O2 monitoring, and blood gas
values may guide therapy
-treated at home if maintaining hydration, do not have respiratory
distress, and do not need oxygen therapy
,-Humidified oxygen to maintain adequate oxygenation (SpO2) at or
above 90%
-Routine chest percussion and postural drainage are not
recommended
-Infants with abundant nasal secretions benefit from regular
suctioning, especially for feeding and bedtime
-Fluids by mouth may be contraindicated because of tachypnea,
weakness, and fatigue; therefore IV fluids may be used in the acute
stage
-encourage breastfeeding, avoid passive tobacco smoke exposure,
and promote preventive measures, including hand washing and the
administration of palivizumab (Synagis) to high-risk infants
-meds: Racemic epinephrine, sometimes corticosteroids, ribivarin
only in high risk patients
◉ What is the pathophysiology of epiglottitis? Answer: -epiglottis is
long and floppy, can become swollen and/or infected and occlude
the airway.
-Inflammatory process: caused by Haemophilus influenzae -
bacterial, viruses, or ingestion of hot fluids/foods or foreign body,
caustic agents, smoke inhalation, crack cocaine.
-Results in supraglottic obstruction.
-Has an acute onset.
-Child may go to bed asymptomatic to awaken later, complaining of
sore throat and pain on swallowing
, ◉ What are appropriate nursing assessments for epiglottitis?
Answer: -3 clinical observations that are predictive of epiglottitis are
absence of spontaneous cough, presence of drooling, and agitation
-Examination of the throat with a tongue depressor is
contraindicated
-Major symptoms: Dysphagia, Stridor aggravated when supine,
Drooling, High fever, Toxic appearance, Rapid pulse and respirations
-The child is irritable; extremely restless; and has an anxious,
apprehensive, and frightened expression. The voice is thick and
muffled, with a frog like croaking sound on inspiration, but the child
is not hoarse. Suprasternal and substernal retractions may be
evident. -The child seldom struggles to breathe, and slow, quiet
breathing provides better air exchange. The throat is red and
inflamed, and a distinctive large, cherry red, edematous epiglottis is
visible on careful throat inspection.
-Child has a fever; appears sicker than clinical findings suggest;
insists on "tripoding" with tongue protruding
◉ What nursing interventions are appropriate for epiglottitis?
Answer: -Nasotracheal intubation or tracheostomy
-Humidified oxygen is administered as necessary either via mask in
older children or blow-by in younger children to avoid further
agitation
-antibiotic therapy (ceftriaxone sodium or alternate cephalosporin)
