2025 USABO OPEN EXAM STUDY GUIDE COMPLETE EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS VERIFIED 100%
Integrins -CORRECT ANSWER Cell surface receptors for extracellular matrix
proteins.
Actin -CORRECT ANSWER Protein involved in cell motility and muscle
contraction.
Myosin -CORRECT ANSWER Motor protein involved in muscle contraction
and cytokinesis.
Dynein -CORRECT ANSWER Motor protein involved in intracellular
transport and ciliary/flagellar movement.
Kinesin -CORRECT ANSWER Motor protein involved in intracellular
transport and mitotic spindle formation.
Cyclin -CORRECT ANSWER Regulatory protein involved in cell cycle
control.
Extracellular matrix -CORRECT ANSWER Non-cellular component
providing structural support and biochemical signaling to surrounding cells.
Cytokinesis -CORRECT ANSWER Division of the cytoplasm following
nuclear division.
pKa -CORRECT ANSWER Negative base-10 logarithm of the acid
dissociation constant.
, Oxidative phosphorylation -CORRECT ANSWER Process of ATP synthesis in
mitochondria using oxygen as the final electron acceptor.
Frederick Griffith -CORRECT ANSWER Discovered transformation through
pneumococcal bacteria.
Hershey and Chase -CORRECT ANSWER Confirmed DNA as the hereditary
material using bacteriophages.
Chargaff -CORRECT ANSWER Discovered the complementary base pairing
in DNA.
Watson and Crick -CORRECT ANSWER Proposed the double-helix structure
of DNA.
Meselson and Stahl -CORRECT ANSWER Demonstrated semi-conservative
replication of DNA.
Transmembrane protein -CORRECT ANSWER Protein spanning the cell
membrane and facilitating molecular transport.
Transmembrane domain -CORRECT ANSWER Region of a transmembrane
protein that crosses the lipid bilayer.
Alpha helices -CORRECT ANSWER Secondary structure of proteins
characterized by right-handed coiled segments.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS VERIFIED 100%
Integrins -CORRECT ANSWER Cell surface receptors for extracellular matrix
proteins.
Actin -CORRECT ANSWER Protein involved in cell motility and muscle
contraction.
Myosin -CORRECT ANSWER Motor protein involved in muscle contraction
and cytokinesis.
Dynein -CORRECT ANSWER Motor protein involved in intracellular
transport and ciliary/flagellar movement.
Kinesin -CORRECT ANSWER Motor protein involved in intracellular
transport and mitotic spindle formation.
Cyclin -CORRECT ANSWER Regulatory protein involved in cell cycle
control.
Extracellular matrix -CORRECT ANSWER Non-cellular component
providing structural support and biochemical signaling to surrounding cells.
Cytokinesis -CORRECT ANSWER Division of the cytoplasm following
nuclear division.
pKa -CORRECT ANSWER Negative base-10 logarithm of the acid
dissociation constant.
, Oxidative phosphorylation -CORRECT ANSWER Process of ATP synthesis in
mitochondria using oxygen as the final electron acceptor.
Frederick Griffith -CORRECT ANSWER Discovered transformation through
pneumococcal bacteria.
Hershey and Chase -CORRECT ANSWER Confirmed DNA as the hereditary
material using bacteriophages.
Chargaff -CORRECT ANSWER Discovered the complementary base pairing
in DNA.
Watson and Crick -CORRECT ANSWER Proposed the double-helix structure
of DNA.
Meselson and Stahl -CORRECT ANSWER Demonstrated semi-conservative
replication of DNA.
Transmembrane protein -CORRECT ANSWER Protein spanning the cell
membrane and facilitating molecular transport.
Transmembrane domain -CORRECT ANSWER Region of a transmembrane
protein that crosses the lipid bilayer.
Alpha helices -CORRECT ANSWER Secondary structure of proteins
characterized by right-handed coiled segments.
