PRINCIPLES OF BIO final review shadwick exam
questions and answers
microbiology is the study of microbes. These include all but which of the following.
A. Archaea
B. Bacteria
C. Viruses
D. Plants - -plants
-what general feature is necessary to consider an organism a microbe
A. small enough that a microscope is required to see them
B. heterotrophic
C. sexual reproduction
D. use aerobic respiration for metabolism - -small enough that a microscope is required to
see them
-Miller's laboratory experiments showed that
A. it is possible to form protocells
B. the primitive gases can react together to produce small organic molecules
C. atmospheric pressure is required for life to begin
D. the earth is approximately 4.5 billion years old - -the primitive gases can react together
to produce small organic molecules.
-which of the following kinds of molecules is thought to have been absent from the
primitive reducing atmosphere
A. water vapor
B. methane (CH4)
C. hydrogen
D. oxygen - -oxygen
-considering the various theories, the energy used in forming organic molecules in the
primitive atmosphere could have come from all EXEPT
A. lightning
B. ultraviolet radiation
C. heat from volcanoes
D. sound - -sound
-a new classification by domains separates prokaryotes into...
A. bacteria and cyanobacteria
B. photosynthetic bacteria and chemosynthetic bacteria
C. archaea and bacteria
D. autotrophs and heterotrophs - -archaea and bacteria
-what is the evolutionary relationship among archaea, bacteria, and eukarya?
,A. since archaea are the most primitive, archaean ancestors gave rise to bacteria that in
turn gave rise to eukaryotes
B. all three domains are equally distant from the most primitive common ancestor, a
protocell.
C. archaea and eukarya share nucleic acid similarities, so eukarya split off from archaea
D. bacterial ancestors gave rise to both archaea and to eukaryotes as two separate
branches. - -archaea and eukarya share nucleic acid similarities, so eukarya split off from
archaea.
-one bacterial cell passes DNA to a second cell through a sex pilus in the process of
A. transformation
B. transduction
C. conjugation
D. replication - -conjugation
-bacterial cell pick up free pieces of DNA from the medium pieces that were released from
dead bacteria in a process called
A. transformation
B. transduction
C. conjugation
D. replication - -transformation
-Which of these is a correct description of a form of horizontal gene transfer in bacteria?
A. Crossing-over occurs between paired chromosomes in meiosis.
B. Conjugation occurs when a cell passes DNA to another cell by means of a sex pilus.
C. Transformation occurs when a bacteriophage carries a bit of DNA from a previous host
cell to a new host cell.
D. Transduction occurs when a live bacterium picks up DNA from dead bacteria that have
shed it into the environment of the living cell. - -conjugation occurs when a cell passes DNA
to another cell by means of a sex pilus
-Which type of genetic exchange occurs among bacteria in which DNA is carried into a
bacterial cell by means of a virus?
A. conjugation
B. transformation
C. transduction
D. budding - -transduction
-Which statement is true about bacteria?
A. They contain a nucleus.
B. They lack ribosomes.
C. They usually lack a cell wall.
D. They contain a single, circular DNA molecule as the genetic material. - -They contain a
single, circular DNA molecule as the genetic material.
-Which statement is NOT true about bacteria?A. They lack mitochondria.
, B. They lack a nucleus but contain DNA.
C. They reproduce sexually.
D. They have a single circular chromosome - -they reproduce sexually
-The capsid of a virus is composed of
A. RNA.
B. protein.
C. DNA.
D. cellulose.
E. lipid - -protein
-Which of the following is NOT true about viruses?
A. The genome may be DNA or RNA.
B. They contain nucleic acid, protein, and mitochondria.
C. They exhibit host specificity.
D. They are obligate intracellular parasites. - -They contain nucleic acid, protein, and
mitochondria.
-The innermost core of a virus's structure is made up of
A. a membranous envelope.
B. either DNA or RNA.
C. a protein capsid.
D. a protein spore coat - -either DNA or RNA
-A viral envelope describes
A. the outer layer of some viruses composed of the host's plasma membrane
B. viral DNA.
C. a prion.
D. a protein capsid - -the outer layer of some viruses composed of the host's plasma
membrane
-Which of these is the most accurate description of a virus?
A. a noncellular living organism
B. one of the smallest bacteria known
C. a cell at the boundary between living and nonliving things
D. chemical complexes of RNA or DNA protected by protein - -chemical complexes of RNA
or DNA protected by protein
-Which of the following is considered to be acellular?
A. bacteria
B. fungi
C. algae
D. protozoans
E. viruses - -viruses
questions and answers
microbiology is the study of microbes. These include all but which of the following.
A. Archaea
B. Bacteria
C. Viruses
D. Plants - -plants
-what general feature is necessary to consider an organism a microbe
A. small enough that a microscope is required to see them
B. heterotrophic
C. sexual reproduction
D. use aerobic respiration for metabolism - -small enough that a microscope is required to
see them
-Miller's laboratory experiments showed that
A. it is possible to form protocells
B. the primitive gases can react together to produce small organic molecules
C. atmospheric pressure is required for life to begin
D. the earth is approximately 4.5 billion years old - -the primitive gases can react together
to produce small organic molecules.
-which of the following kinds of molecules is thought to have been absent from the
primitive reducing atmosphere
A. water vapor
B. methane (CH4)
C. hydrogen
D. oxygen - -oxygen
-considering the various theories, the energy used in forming organic molecules in the
primitive atmosphere could have come from all EXEPT
A. lightning
B. ultraviolet radiation
C. heat from volcanoes
D. sound - -sound
-a new classification by domains separates prokaryotes into...
A. bacteria and cyanobacteria
B. photosynthetic bacteria and chemosynthetic bacteria
C. archaea and bacteria
D. autotrophs and heterotrophs - -archaea and bacteria
-what is the evolutionary relationship among archaea, bacteria, and eukarya?
,A. since archaea are the most primitive, archaean ancestors gave rise to bacteria that in
turn gave rise to eukaryotes
B. all three domains are equally distant from the most primitive common ancestor, a
protocell.
C. archaea and eukarya share nucleic acid similarities, so eukarya split off from archaea
D. bacterial ancestors gave rise to both archaea and to eukaryotes as two separate
branches. - -archaea and eukarya share nucleic acid similarities, so eukarya split off from
archaea.
-one bacterial cell passes DNA to a second cell through a sex pilus in the process of
A. transformation
B. transduction
C. conjugation
D. replication - -conjugation
-bacterial cell pick up free pieces of DNA from the medium pieces that were released from
dead bacteria in a process called
A. transformation
B. transduction
C. conjugation
D. replication - -transformation
-Which of these is a correct description of a form of horizontal gene transfer in bacteria?
A. Crossing-over occurs between paired chromosomes in meiosis.
B. Conjugation occurs when a cell passes DNA to another cell by means of a sex pilus.
C. Transformation occurs when a bacteriophage carries a bit of DNA from a previous host
cell to a new host cell.
D. Transduction occurs when a live bacterium picks up DNA from dead bacteria that have
shed it into the environment of the living cell. - -conjugation occurs when a cell passes DNA
to another cell by means of a sex pilus
-Which type of genetic exchange occurs among bacteria in which DNA is carried into a
bacterial cell by means of a virus?
A. conjugation
B. transformation
C. transduction
D. budding - -transduction
-Which statement is true about bacteria?
A. They contain a nucleus.
B. They lack ribosomes.
C. They usually lack a cell wall.
D. They contain a single, circular DNA molecule as the genetic material. - -They contain a
single, circular DNA molecule as the genetic material.
-Which statement is NOT true about bacteria?A. They lack mitochondria.
, B. They lack a nucleus but contain DNA.
C. They reproduce sexually.
D. They have a single circular chromosome - -they reproduce sexually
-The capsid of a virus is composed of
A. RNA.
B. protein.
C. DNA.
D. cellulose.
E. lipid - -protein
-Which of the following is NOT true about viruses?
A. The genome may be DNA or RNA.
B. They contain nucleic acid, protein, and mitochondria.
C. They exhibit host specificity.
D. They are obligate intracellular parasites. - -They contain nucleic acid, protein, and
mitochondria.
-The innermost core of a virus's structure is made up of
A. a membranous envelope.
B. either DNA or RNA.
C. a protein capsid.
D. a protein spore coat - -either DNA or RNA
-A viral envelope describes
A. the outer layer of some viruses composed of the host's plasma membrane
B. viral DNA.
C. a prion.
D. a protein capsid - -the outer layer of some viruses composed of the host's plasma
membrane
-Which of these is the most accurate description of a virus?
A. a noncellular living organism
B. one of the smallest bacteria known
C. a cell at the boundary between living and nonliving things
D. chemical complexes of RNA or DNA protected by protein - -chemical complexes of RNA
or DNA protected by protein
-Which of the following is considered to be acellular?
A. bacteria
B. fungi
C. algae
D. protozoans
E. viruses - -viruses
