BIOD 171 ESSENTIAL MICROBIOLOGY
MODULES 1 TO 6 COMPREHENSIVE EXAM
2026
◉ Eurkarya. Answer: -animals
-Plants
- Fungi:
• Distinct nucleus
• Chitin in cell walls
• Absorb organic chemicals for energy
• Yeasts: unicellular
• Molds and Mushrooms: multicellular
◉ Bacteria. Answer: ♣ Prenucleus: no true nucleus
♣ Peptidoglycan cell walls
♣ Divide through binary fission
♣ Usually single cell
♣ Uses the Gram Stain
♣ Most bacteria have a single shape
♣ Genus species
,◉ archaea. Answer: ♣ Can resist severe conditions
♣ Lack peptidoglycan
♣ Based off of Eukaraya
♣ Methanogens
• Anaerobic
o O2 is toxic
• Produce methane
♣ Extreme halophiles
• Require salt concentration of around 2.5%
o The normal human salt percentage is around .9%
♣ Hyperthermophiles
• Require growth temperature of around 80 degrees Celsius
◉ Taxonomy. Answer: the science of classifying organisms, it shows
the degree of similarity among organims
◉ systematics. Answer: the study of the evolutionary history of
orgnaims
◉ Escherichia coli (aka E. coli). Answer: Honors the discoverer,
Thedor Escherich
, Describes the bacterium habitat-- large intestine
◉ Staphylococcus aureus. Answer: descibres the clustered (
staphylo-) spherical (cocci) cells
describes the gold color (aureus) colonies
◉ Diplococci. Answer:
◉ Streptococci. Answer:
◉ Tetrad. Answer:
◉ sarcinae. Answer:
◉ staphylococci. Answer:
◉ bacillus. Answer:
◉ diplobacilli. Answer:
MODULES 1 TO 6 COMPREHENSIVE EXAM
2026
◉ Eurkarya. Answer: -animals
-Plants
- Fungi:
• Distinct nucleus
• Chitin in cell walls
• Absorb organic chemicals for energy
• Yeasts: unicellular
• Molds and Mushrooms: multicellular
◉ Bacteria. Answer: ♣ Prenucleus: no true nucleus
♣ Peptidoglycan cell walls
♣ Divide through binary fission
♣ Usually single cell
♣ Uses the Gram Stain
♣ Most bacteria have a single shape
♣ Genus species
,◉ archaea. Answer: ♣ Can resist severe conditions
♣ Lack peptidoglycan
♣ Based off of Eukaraya
♣ Methanogens
• Anaerobic
o O2 is toxic
• Produce methane
♣ Extreme halophiles
• Require salt concentration of around 2.5%
o The normal human salt percentage is around .9%
♣ Hyperthermophiles
• Require growth temperature of around 80 degrees Celsius
◉ Taxonomy. Answer: the science of classifying organisms, it shows
the degree of similarity among organims
◉ systematics. Answer: the study of the evolutionary history of
orgnaims
◉ Escherichia coli (aka E. coli). Answer: Honors the discoverer,
Thedor Escherich
, Describes the bacterium habitat-- large intestine
◉ Staphylococcus aureus. Answer: descibres the clustered (
staphylo-) spherical (cocci) cells
describes the gold color (aureus) colonies
◉ Diplococci. Answer:
◉ Streptococci. Answer:
◉ Tetrad. Answer:
◉ sarcinae. Answer:
◉ staphylococci. Answer:
◉ bacillus. Answer:
◉ diplobacilli. Answer:
