BIO 325 FINAL EXAM Questions and Answers
(100% Correct Answers) Already Graded A+
are water lilies a basal angiosperm? [ Ans: ] yes
what are features of water lilies: Nymphaeacea? [ Ans: ] -
Widespread, tropics to temperate regions
• Aquatic herbs with floating leaves, often with milky sap
(latex)
• Number of species: ca. 70 species; 5-6 genera
• Flowers: floating; many parts; colorful perianth
laminar stamens; gynoecium syncarpous with 3-
many carpels -separate pistils or fused into one
• Significant features: beetle pollination syndrome
• Special uses: ornamentals, edible rhizomes and
seeds
whats an example of water lily family? [ Ans: ] Nuphar
(Yellow waterlily)- Nuphar microphylla
Nymphaea (water lily)Nymphaea odorata
Genus Victoria -V. amazonica
,what are traits of basal groups that are specific to
nymphaeacae family? [ Ans: ] Nymphaea• aquatic herbs,
perennial
emergent flower• Monosulcate or uniaperturate pollen
Primitive petals are phylogenetically staminodal in origin
Many petals,stamens and pistils
Number of parts not fixed
Petaloid staminodes-undeveloped stamens
-sterile functioning as petals
what is the perianth variation of nymphaeacae family? [
Ans: ] Primitive - open saucer shaped perianth with free
parts
Provides pollinators with open access to stamens and
stigmas
Dissected parts of waterlily with gradation of stamens to
more attractive structures via conversion of staminodes to
"petals"
how many species in water lily family? [ Ans: ] around 70
species
,description of Nymphaeales -Water-Lily Family [ Ans: ]
Few sepals (3-6) which merge into petaloid structures•
Petals small and reduced or may be staminode
• Gradation of petals becoming more stamen like until
intergrade with fertile, laminar stamen (no defined anther
heads )
• Seeds water-dispersed
• Most ovaries produce a leathery berry
• Hairs on petioles, peduncles and flower buds produce a
slime
• Flowers bisexual, perianth differentiated into calyx and
corolla
what are staminodes? [ Ans: ] Staminodes are sterile
stamens (don't produce pollen and don't have anther
heads)
Petals may have originated as staminodes (new whorl from
staminodes to petaloides
Staminodes are the result of floral evolution
• Usually modifies the androecium resulting in either
stamen loss or transformation of stamen function from
pollen production to an alternate function-sterile don't
make pollen
, • With loss of defining function as producers of viable
malegametophytes, stamens become staminodes
Waterlilies like Nymphacea there is a complete
intergradation between petals, staminoides and stamens
Nonfunctional staminoides arise as intermediate
structures during a _________ __________ in the androecium
(evolutionary there is areduction of plant parts over time
of whorls) [ Ans: ] reductive process
what is the fate of stamen? [ Ans: ] to assume new
functions
Decrease in stamen number typically involves progressive
_________ of _________ __________ during morphogenesis [
Ans: ] suppression, stamen development
Differences in genetic control of stamen loss between
actinomorphic and zygomorphic flowers shape staminode
development
what happens to non functional staminodes? [ Ans: ] Non
functional staminoides that interfere with interactions
between pollinators and flowers should be lost quickly.
• However functional staminoides should persist and
become integral features of floral morphology and be
represented in a large number of taxa
whats the differences in genetic control of stamen
(staminode development) for zygomorphic vs
(100% Correct Answers) Already Graded A+
are water lilies a basal angiosperm? [ Ans: ] yes
what are features of water lilies: Nymphaeacea? [ Ans: ] -
Widespread, tropics to temperate regions
• Aquatic herbs with floating leaves, often with milky sap
(latex)
• Number of species: ca. 70 species; 5-6 genera
• Flowers: floating; many parts; colorful perianth
laminar stamens; gynoecium syncarpous with 3-
many carpels -separate pistils or fused into one
• Significant features: beetle pollination syndrome
• Special uses: ornamentals, edible rhizomes and
seeds
whats an example of water lily family? [ Ans: ] Nuphar
(Yellow waterlily)- Nuphar microphylla
Nymphaea (water lily)Nymphaea odorata
Genus Victoria -V. amazonica
,what are traits of basal groups that are specific to
nymphaeacae family? [ Ans: ] Nymphaea• aquatic herbs,
perennial
emergent flower• Monosulcate or uniaperturate pollen
Primitive petals are phylogenetically staminodal in origin
Many petals,stamens and pistils
Number of parts not fixed
Petaloid staminodes-undeveloped stamens
-sterile functioning as petals
what is the perianth variation of nymphaeacae family? [
Ans: ] Primitive - open saucer shaped perianth with free
parts
Provides pollinators with open access to stamens and
stigmas
Dissected parts of waterlily with gradation of stamens to
more attractive structures via conversion of staminodes to
"petals"
how many species in water lily family? [ Ans: ] around 70
species
,description of Nymphaeales -Water-Lily Family [ Ans: ]
Few sepals (3-6) which merge into petaloid structures•
Petals small and reduced or may be staminode
• Gradation of petals becoming more stamen like until
intergrade with fertile, laminar stamen (no defined anther
heads )
• Seeds water-dispersed
• Most ovaries produce a leathery berry
• Hairs on petioles, peduncles and flower buds produce a
slime
• Flowers bisexual, perianth differentiated into calyx and
corolla
what are staminodes? [ Ans: ] Staminodes are sterile
stamens (don't produce pollen and don't have anther
heads)
Petals may have originated as staminodes (new whorl from
staminodes to petaloides
Staminodes are the result of floral evolution
• Usually modifies the androecium resulting in either
stamen loss or transformation of stamen function from
pollen production to an alternate function-sterile don't
make pollen
, • With loss of defining function as producers of viable
malegametophytes, stamens become staminodes
Waterlilies like Nymphacea there is a complete
intergradation between petals, staminoides and stamens
Nonfunctional staminoides arise as intermediate
structures during a _________ __________ in the androecium
(evolutionary there is areduction of plant parts over time
of whorls) [ Ans: ] reductive process
what is the fate of stamen? [ Ans: ] to assume new
functions
Decrease in stamen number typically involves progressive
_________ of _________ __________ during morphogenesis [
Ans: ] suppression, stamen development
Differences in genetic control of stamen loss between
actinomorphic and zygomorphic flowers shape staminode
development
what happens to non functional staminodes? [ Ans: ] Non
functional staminoides that interfere with interactions
between pollinators and flowers should be lost quickly.
• However functional staminoides should persist and
become integral features of floral morphology and be
represented in a large number of taxa
whats the differences in genetic control of stamen
(staminode development) for zygomorphic vs
