UNH NUTRITION 400 FINAL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. VERIFIED
2025/2026.
8 enzymes of vitamin B - ANS Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Folate, B12, Biotin, Pantothenic
Acid, B6
Niacin can be synthesized from? - ANS tryptophan
Major functions of Folate - ANS Formation of DNA, metabolize amino acids, formation of
neurotransmitters
Synthetic form of folate? - ANS folic acid
Folate deficiencies can cause? - ANS macrocytic anemia and neural tube defects
major functions of vitamin B12 - ANS formation of blood, folate metabolism, homocysteine
metabolism, maintains myelin sheaths
deficiency of vitamin B12 - ANS lack of HCL - atrophic gastritis
lack of intrinsic factor - pernicious anemia
vitamin C - ANS water soluble vitamin
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,ascorbic acid
important antioxidant
deficiency of vitamin C - ANS smokers at risk
could cause scurvy
toxicity - ANS GI disturbances
what can Vitamin C protect against - ANS cancer, heart disease, common cold
symptoms of beriberi - ANS edema, extreme fatigue
innate immunity - ANS nonspecific, present at birth, physical barriers, HCL, fever
acquired immunity - ANS adaptive or specific, develops as we age, production of antibodies
oxidizing agents - ANS cause cell damage, free radicals (unpaired electron, unstable), initiate
cascade of disturbance
antioxidants - ANS able to stop or repair free radical damage, largely supplied by diet
vitamin E - ANS fat soluble vitamin, important antioxidant in lipid-rich areas of body
most active form of vitamin E? - ANS alpha tocopherol
where is vitamin E stored? - ANS adipose tissue
Vitamin E deficiency - ANS rare, can cause hemolytic anemia
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, vitamin E toxicity - ANS can cause hemorrhagic stroke
Vitamin A - ANS fat soluble vitamin
provitamin sources of Vitamin A - ANS carotenoids
still needs to be activated
no risk of toxicity
preformed vitamin A is? - ANS retinoids
active and ready to go
risk of toxicity
what does vitamin A do for eye health? - ANS maintains clear cornea
transports light energy to nerve impulses in retina
vitamin A deficiency - ANS progressive vision impairment
xerosis - ANS dryness of cornea
keratinization - ANS buildup of protein in eye
hyperkeratosis - ANS skin becomes rough and scaly
whos at risk for vitamin A toxicity? - ANS supplement takers
teratogenic risk - ANS can cause a birth defect
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. VERIFIED
2025/2026.
8 enzymes of vitamin B - ANS Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Folate, B12, Biotin, Pantothenic
Acid, B6
Niacin can be synthesized from? - ANS tryptophan
Major functions of Folate - ANS Formation of DNA, metabolize amino acids, formation of
neurotransmitters
Synthetic form of folate? - ANS folic acid
Folate deficiencies can cause? - ANS macrocytic anemia and neural tube defects
major functions of vitamin B12 - ANS formation of blood, folate metabolism, homocysteine
metabolism, maintains myelin sheaths
deficiency of vitamin B12 - ANS lack of HCL - atrophic gastritis
lack of intrinsic factor - pernicious anemia
vitamin C - ANS water soluble vitamin
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,ascorbic acid
important antioxidant
deficiency of vitamin C - ANS smokers at risk
could cause scurvy
toxicity - ANS GI disturbances
what can Vitamin C protect against - ANS cancer, heart disease, common cold
symptoms of beriberi - ANS edema, extreme fatigue
innate immunity - ANS nonspecific, present at birth, physical barriers, HCL, fever
acquired immunity - ANS adaptive or specific, develops as we age, production of antibodies
oxidizing agents - ANS cause cell damage, free radicals (unpaired electron, unstable), initiate
cascade of disturbance
antioxidants - ANS able to stop or repair free radical damage, largely supplied by diet
vitamin E - ANS fat soluble vitamin, important antioxidant in lipid-rich areas of body
most active form of vitamin E? - ANS alpha tocopherol
where is vitamin E stored? - ANS adipose tissue
Vitamin E deficiency - ANS rare, can cause hemolytic anemia
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, vitamin E toxicity - ANS can cause hemorrhagic stroke
Vitamin A - ANS fat soluble vitamin
provitamin sources of Vitamin A - ANS carotenoids
still needs to be activated
no risk of toxicity
preformed vitamin A is? - ANS retinoids
active and ready to go
risk of toxicity
what does vitamin A do for eye health? - ANS maintains clear cornea
transports light energy to nerve impulses in retina
vitamin A deficiency - ANS progressive vision impairment
xerosis - ANS dryness of cornea
keratinization - ANS buildup of protein in eye
hyperkeratosis - ANS skin becomes rough and scaly
whos at risk for vitamin A toxicity? - ANS supplement takers
teratogenic risk - ANS can cause a birth defect
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
