AAB MT Hematology exam with answers
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What is hemoglobin composed of? - CORRECT ANSWERS
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✔✔4 heme, 4 iron, 4 globins
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What disorder does a defect in heme synthesis lead to? -
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CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Porphyria |\ |\
Porphyria - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Deficiency in the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
enzymes of the porphyrin pathway leads to insufficient
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
production of heme. The principal problem in these
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
deficiencies is the accumulation of porphyrins, the heme |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
precursors, which are toxic to tissue in high |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
concentrations.
What is methemoglobin? - CORRECT ANSWERS
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✔✔Methemoglobin is a form of hemoglobin that contains |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ferric [Fe3+] iron and has a decreased ability to bind
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
oxygen. However, the ferric iron has an increased affinity
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
for bound oxygen. When methemoglobin concentration is
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
elevated in red blood cells, tissue hypoxia can occur.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
What is the function of the enzyme methemoglobin-
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
cytochrome C reductase in a red blood cell? - CORRECT |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ANSWERS ✔✔To keep iron in the ferrous state|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
,What product is formed when ferrous iron of hemoglobin
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
is oxidized to the ferric state? - CORRECT ANSWERS
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✔✔Methemoglobin
What is carboxyhemoglobin? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔A
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
stable complex of carbon monoxide and hemoglobin that
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
forms in RBCs when carbon monoxide is inhaled or
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
produced in normal metabolism. Large quantities of it
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
hinder delivery of O2 to the body. Tobacco smoking
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
(through carbon monoxide inhalation) raises the blood
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
levels of COHb by a factor of several times from its
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
normal concentrations. |\
Which hemoglobin has a 200 times greater binding
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
capacity for the hemoglobin molecule than oxygen? -
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Carboxyhemoglobin |\ |\
Which hemoglobin derivative causes irreversible changes
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
in RBCs? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Sulfhemoglobin --
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
makes blood incapable of carrying oxygen.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Which of the following hemoglobins is NOT normally
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
present in a normal adult? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Hb-S
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
,Which embryonic hemoglobin is normally found in
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
newborns? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Hb-F |\ |\ |\ |\
What is the most abundant hemoglobin in a newborn? -
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Hb-F |\ |\
What is the molecular structure of Hemoglobin S? -
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Valine replaces glutamic acid in
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
the 6th position of the beta chain
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Which of the following hemoglobins is insoluble under
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
lowered oxygen tension? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Hb-S
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
What laboratory test is used to confirm the specific
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
diagnosis of sickle cell anemia? - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔Hemoglobin electrophoresis |\
In the solubility test for hemoglobin S, what is the reagent
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
responsible for the reduction of the hemoglobin
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
molecule? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Sodium dithionite |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
In hemoglobin C, what replaces glutamic acid? - CORRECT
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ANSWERS ✔✔Lysine
|\ |\
, Which red blood cell inclusion is characteristic of
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
hemoglobin C disease? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Rod- |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
shaped crystals |\
What is hemoglobin F composed of? - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔2 alpha and 2 gamma chains
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Which hemoglobin is resistant to alkali denaturation? -
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Hb-F |\ |\
Which hemoglobins are differentiated by the Kleihauer-
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Betke technique? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Hb-A1 from
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Hb-F
What is the order of migration of hemoglobins, from
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
fastest to slowest, on cellulose acetate at pH 8.4? -
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔A1, F, S, C |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Why is citrate agar used when abnormal hemoglobins are
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
identified on cellulose acetate at pH 8.6? - CORRECT
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ANSWERS ✔✔It separates hemoglobin S from hemoglobin
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
D
|\
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
What is hemoglobin composed of? - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔4 heme, 4 iron, 4 globins
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
What disorder does a defect in heme synthesis lead to? -
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Porphyria |\ |\
Porphyria - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Deficiency in the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
enzymes of the porphyrin pathway leads to insufficient
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
production of heme. The principal problem in these
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
deficiencies is the accumulation of porphyrins, the heme |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
precursors, which are toxic to tissue in high |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
concentrations.
What is methemoglobin? - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔Methemoglobin is a form of hemoglobin that contains |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ferric [Fe3+] iron and has a decreased ability to bind
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
oxygen. However, the ferric iron has an increased affinity
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
for bound oxygen. When methemoglobin concentration is
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
elevated in red blood cells, tissue hypoxia can occur.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
What is the function of the enzyme methemoglobin-
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
cytochrome C reductase in a red blood cell? - CORRECT |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ANSWERS ✔✔To keep iron in the ferrous state|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
,What product is formed when ferrous iron of hemoglobin
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
is oxidized to the ferric state? - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔Methemoglobin
What is carboxyhemoglobin? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔A
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
stable complex of carbon monoxide and hemoglobin that
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
forms in RBCs when carbon monoxide is inhaled or
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
produced in normal metabolism. Large quantities of it
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
hinder delivery of O2 to the body. Tobacco smoking
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
(through carbon monoxide inhalation) raises the blood
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
levels of COHb by a factor of several times from its
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
normal concentrations. |\
Which hemoglobin has a 200 times greater binding
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
capacity for the hemoglobin molecule than oxygen? -
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Carboxyhemoglobin |\ |\
Which hemoglobin derivative causes irreversible changes
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
in RBCs? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Sulfhemoglobin --
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
makes blood incapable of carrying oxygen.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Which of the following hemoglobins is NOT normally
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
present in a normal adult? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Hb-S
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
,Which embryonic hemoglobin is normally found in
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
newborns? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Hb-F |\ |\ |\ |\
What is the most abundant hemoglobin in a newborn? -
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Hb-F |\ |\
What is the molecular structure of Hemoglobin S? -
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Valine replaces glutamic acid in
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
the 6th position of the beta chain
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Which of the following hemoglobins is insoluble under
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
lowered oxygen tension? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Hb-S
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
What laboratory test is used to confirm the specific
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
diagnosis of sickle cell anemia? - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔Hemoglobin electrophoresis |\
In the solubility test for hemoglobin S, what is the reagent
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
responsible for the reduction of the hemoglobin
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
molecule? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Sodium dithionite |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
In hemoglobin C, what replaces glutamic acid? - CORRECT
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ANSWERS ✔✔Lysine
|\ |\
, Which red blood cell inclusion is characteristic of
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
hemoglobin C disease? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Rod- |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
shaped crystals |\
What is hemoglobin F composed of? - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔2 alpha and 2 gamma chains
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Which hemoglobin is resistant to alkali denaturation? -
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Hb-F |\ |\
Which hemoglobins are differentiated by the Kleihauer-
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Betke technique? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Hb-A1 from
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Hb-F
What is the order of migration of hemoglobins, from
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
fastest to slowest, on cellulose acetate at pH 8.4? -
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔A1, F, S, C |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Why is citrate agar used when abnormal hemoglobins are
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
identified on cellulose acetate at pH 8.6? - CORRECT
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ANSWERS ✔✔It separates hemoglobin S from hemoglobin
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
D
|\
