BIOL 235 FINAL EXAM STUDY
GUIDE. GRADED A+. QUESTIONS
AND 100% VERIFIED ANSWERS.
LATEST 2025/2026 UPDATE
Venous blood returning from systemic circulation first enters the ___, proceeds to the
____, loses ___and gains ____ in the lungs, and then returns to the heart via the ____.
a) right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary artery, CO2, O2, pulmonary veins.
b) Left atrium, left ventricle, pulmonary artery, CO2, O2, aorta
c)Right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary artery, O2, CO2, pulmonary veins
d) Left atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary veins, O2, CO2, aorta - A. Right atrium, right
ventricle, pulmonary artery, CO2, O2, pulmonary veins
The upper respiratory tract differs from the lower respiratory tract in what way?
A) air is taken in through the lower respiratory tract, and CO2/O2 are exchanged in the
upper respiratory tract
b) air is taken in through the upper respiratory tract, and CO2/O2 are exchanged in the
lower respiratory tract
c) CO2 is removed from circulation in the upper respiratory tract
d) O2 is removed from circulation in the lower respiratory tract - B. Air is taken in
through the upper respiratory tract, and CO2/O2 are exchanged in the lower
respiratory tract
Smooth muscle surrounds which structure of the lower respiratory tract?
a) Alveoli
b) Alveolar capillaries
c) Terminal bronchioles
d) Trachea - C. terminal bronchioles
In the alveolus, ____squamous epithelial cells are responsible for ___, while ___cells
are responsible for ____.
a) Type 1; surfactant secretion; Type 2, gas exchange
b) type 1; debris removal; type 2; surfactant secretion
c) type 3; debris removal; type 1; gas exchange
,d) type 1; gas exchange; type 2: surfactant secretion - d) type 1; gas exchange; type 2:
surfactant secretion
There is no net air flow into or out of the lungs when a)
P alveolus = P atmostpher
b) P alveolus< P atmostphere
c) P pleural wall > P atmostphere
d) P atmosphere< P pleural wall - a) P alveolus = P atmosphere
What keeps the lungs from collapsing
Check the - b) trans pulmonary negative pressure caused by negative pressure from
pleural cavity
Identify the correct sequence of events for inspiration
a) diaphragm & inspiratory intercostals relax, lungs expand, air flows into alveoli
b) diaphragm & inspiratory intercostals contract; lungs expand, air flows out of the
alveoli
c) diaphragm & inspiratory intercostals contract, lungs expand, air flows into alveoli
d)diaphragm & expiratory intercostals relax, lungs contract, air flows out of alveoli - c)
diaphragm & inspiratory intercostals contract, lungs expand, air flows into alveoli
the main determiners of lung compliance are
a) lung tissue thickness, surface tension of fluid on the inner lung surface
b) lung tissue perforations, surface tension of fluid on the inner lung surface
c) lung tissue surface area, surface tension of fluid on the inner lung surface
d) lung tissue thickness, surface tension of fluid on the outer lung surface - a) lung
tissue thickness, surface tension of fluid on the inner lung surface
lung compliance is defined as
a) lung volume/ transpulmonary pressure
b) transpulmonary pressure/ lung volume
c) transthoracic pressure/ atmospheric pressure
d) none of the above - d) none of the above
trained athletes tend to have
a) increased lung compliance
b) normal lung compliance
c) decreased lung compliance
d) asthma - a) increased lung compliance
which is true abbout the pleural sac
a)it is continuous with the atmosphere and protects the lungs from infections
,b) it is a closed sac surrounding each lung and contains only a tiny volume of lubricating
fluid
c) it is a closed sac surrounding each lung and contain a large volume of surfactact
d) it is a closed, air-filled space surrounding both lungs that has a negative pressure
compared to atmospheric pressure - b) it is a closed sac surrounding each lung and
contains only a tiny volume of lubricating fluid
which structure is NOT part of the "anatomical dead space?"
a) bronchiole
b) trachea
c) bronchus
d)respiratory bronchiole - d)respiratory bronchiole
the volume of air flowing into the alveoli during inhalation/inspiration is increased when
there is an increase in which of these? a)air resistance
b)the pressure gradiant from the atmosphere to the alveoli
c) the pressure in the intrapleural space
d) the curvature of the diaphragm - b)the pressure gradiant from the atmosphere to the
alveoli
under normal circumstances, which of the following would result from an increase in
transpulmonary pressure?
a) inhalation/inspiration
b) exhalation/expiration
c) a collapsed lung
d) emphysema - a) inhalation/inspiration
which of the following statements about the response of arteriole smooth muscle to
changing ocygen partial pressure is true?
a) both systemic and pulmonary arterioles respond to a decrease in PO2 by constricting
b) both systemic and pulmonary arterioles respond to a decrease in PO2 by dilating
c) systemic arterioles respond to a decrease in PO2 by dilating but pulmonary arterioles
constrict in response to decreased PO
d) systemic arterioles respond to a decrease in PO2 by constricting but pulmonary
arterioles dilate in response to decreased PO2 - c) systemic arterioles respond to a
decrease in PO2 by dilating but pulmonary arterioles constrict in response to
decreased PO
during an unforced exhalation/expiration, which would NOT be true? a)
alveolar pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure
b) intrapleural pressure is greater than alveolar pressure
c) intrapleural pressure becomes less negative
d) the diaphragm relaxes - b) intrapleural pressure is greater than alveolar pressure
, which true regarding how gases dissolve in liquids? a0 the concentration of a gas in a
liquid equilibrates to match the concentration of that gas in the air to which of the
liquid is exposed
b) different gasses have the same solubility in liquids
c) the partial pressure of a gas in a liquid is equal to the amount greatly diffusing in the
liquid plus the amount bound to large molecules within the liquid
d) the partial pressure of a particular gas in a liquid equilibrates to match the partial
pressure o that gas in the air to which the liquid is exposed - d) the partial pressure of
a particular gas in a liquid equilibrates to match the partial pressure o that gas in the
air to which the liquid is exposed
which of these results from hyperventilation?
a) increased alveolar PCO2 and decreased alveolar PO2
b) an increase in both PO2 & PO2
c) decreased alveolar PCO2 & increased alveolar PO2
d) a decrease in both alveolar PCO2 & PO2 - c) decreased alveolar PCO2 & increased
alveolar PO2
In which form is most of the oxygen carried in arterial blood?
a) bound to hemoglobin
b) dissolved in the plasma
c) dissolved in the cytosol of erthrocytes
d) converted to HCO3 - a) bound to hemoglobin
after CO2 is produced by tissues, in what form is most of that carbon transported th the
lungs for removal from the body?
a) as dissolved CO2
b) found to hemoglobin
c) as H2CO3
d) as dissolved HCO3 - d) as dissolved HCO3
action potential in neurnos in the inspiratory center of the medulla result in ation
potentials in the ____nerves to the diaphragm, which in turn cause ___ of the muscle,
resulting in a/an____ in the volume of teh thoiracic cage. a) motor, contraction,
decrease b? parasympathetic, contration, decrease c) sympathetic, contraction,
increase
D) motor, contraction, increase - D) motor, contraction, increase
which is NOT a function of the kidneys in maintin homeostaisis?
a) regulation of extracellular fluid osmolarity
b) regulation of blood hydrogen ion concentration
c) regulation of blood glucose concentration
d) regulation of extracellular fluid volume - c) regulation of blood glucose concentration
GUIDE. GRADED A+. QUESTIONS
AND 100% VERIFIED ANSWERS.
LATEST 2025/2026 UPDATE
Venous blood returning from systemic circulation first enters the ___, proceeds to the
____, loses ___and gains ____ in the lungs, and then returns to the heart via the ____.
a) right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary artery, CO2, O2, pulmonary veins.
b) Left atrium, left ventricle, pulmonary artery, CO2, O2, aorta
c)Right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary artery, O2, CO2, pulmonary veins
d) Left atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary veins, O2, CO2, aorta - A. Right atrium, right
ventricle, pulmonary artery, CO2, O2, pulmonary veins
The upper respiratory tract differs from the lower respiratory tract in what way?
A) air is taken in through the lower respiratory tract, and CO2/O2 are exchanged in the
upper respiratory tract
b) air is taken in through the upper respiratory tract, and CO2/O2 are exchanged in the
lower respiratory tract
c) CO2 is removed from circulation in the upper respiratory tract
d) O2 is removed from circulation in the lower respiratory tract - B. Air is taken in
through the upper respiratory tract, and CO2/O2 are exchanged in the lower
respiratory tract
Smooth muscle surrounds which structure of the lower respiratory tract?
a) Alveoli
b) Alveolar capillaries
c) Terminal bronchioles
d) Trachea - C. terminal bronchioles
In the alveolus, ____squamous epithelial cells are responsible for ___, while ___cells
are responsible for ____.
a) Type 1; surfactant secretion; Type 2, gas exchange
b) type 1; debris removal; type 2; surfactant secretion
c) type 3; debris removal; type 1; gas exchange
,d) type 1; gas exchange; type 2: surfactant secretion - d) type 1; gas exchange; type 2:
surfactant secretion
There is no net air flow into or out of the lungs when a)
P alveolus = P atmostpher
b) P alveolus< P atmostphere
c) P pleural wall > P atmostphere
d) P atmosphere< P pleural wall - a) P alveolus = P atmosphere
What keeps the lungs from collapsing
Check the - b) trans pulmonary negative pressure caused by negative pressure from
pleural cavity
Identify the correct sequence of events for inspiration
a) diaphragm & inspiratory intercostals relax, lungs expand, air flows into alveoli
b) diaphragm & inspiratory intercostals contract; lungs expand, air flows out of the
alveoli
c) diaphragm & inspiratory intercostals contract, lungs expand, air flows into alveoli
d)diaphragm & expiratory intercostals relax, lungs contract, air flows out of alveoli - c)
diaphragm & inspiratory intercostals contract, lungs expand, air flows into alveoli
the main determiners of lung compliance are
a) lung tissue thickness, surface tension of fluid on the inner lung surface
b) lung tissue perforations, surface tension of fluid on the inner lung surface
c) lung tissue surface area, surface tension of fluid on the inner lung surface
d) lung tissue thickness, surface tension of fluid on the outer lung surface - a) lung
tissue thickness, surface tension of fluid on the inner lung surface
lung compliance is defined as
a) lung volume/ transpulmonary pressure
b) transpulmonary pressure/ lung volume
c) transthoracic pressure/ atmospheric pressure
d) none of the above - d) none of the above
trained athletes tend to have
a) increased lung compliance
b) normal lung compliance
c) decreased lung compliance
d) asthma - a) increased lung compliance
which is true abbout the pleural sac
a)it is continuous with the atmosphere and protects the lungs from infections
,b) it is a closed sac surrounding each lung and contains only a tiny volume of lubricating
fluid
c) it is a closed sac surrounding each lung and contain a large volume of surfactact
d) it is a closed, air-filled space surrounding both lungs that has a negative pressure
compared to atmospheric pressure - b) it is a closed sac surrounding each lung and
contains only a tiny volume of lubricating fluid
which structure is NOT part of the "anatomical dead space?"
a) bronchiole
b) trachea
c) bronchus
d)respiratory bronchiole - d)respiratory bronchiole
the volume of air flowing into the alveoli during inhalation/inspiration is increased when
there is an increase in which of these? a)air resistance
b)the pressure gradiant from the atmosphere to the alveoli
c) the pressure in the intrapleural space
d) the curvature of the diaphragm - b)the pressure gradiant from the atmosphere to the
alveoli
under normal circumstances, which of the following would result from an increase in
transpulmonary pressure?
a) inhalation/inspiration
b) exhalation/expiration
c) a collapsed lung
d) emphysema - a) inhalation/inspiration
which of the following statements about the response of arteriole smooth muscle to
changing ocygen partial pressure is true?
a) both systemic and pulmonary arterioles respond to a decrease in PO2 by constricting
b) both systemic and pulmonary arterioles respond to a decrease in PO2 by dilating
c) systemic arterioles respond to a decrease in PO2 by dilating but pulmonary arterioles
constrict in response to decreased PO
d) systemic arterioles respond to a decrease in PO2 by constricting but pulmonary
arterioles dilate in response to decreased PO2 - c) systemic arterioles respond to a
decrease in PO2 by dilating but pulmonary arterioles constrict in response to
decreased PO
during an unforced exhalation/expiration, which would NOT be true? a)
alveolar pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure
b) intrapleural pressure is greater than alveolar pressure
c) intrapleural pressure becomes less negative
d) the diaphragm relaxes - b) intrapleural pressure is greater than alveolar pressure
, which true regarding how gases dissolve in liquids? a0 the concentration of a gas in a
liquid equilibrates to match the concentration of that gas in the air to which of the
liquid is exposed
b) different gasses have the same solubility in liquids
c) the partial pressure of a gas in a liquid is equal to the amount greatly diffusing in the
liquid plus the amount bound to large molecules within the liquid
d) the partial pressure of a particular gas in a liquid equilibrates to match the partial
pressure o that gas in the air to which the liquid is exposed - d) the partial pressure of
a particular gas in a liquid equilibrates to match the partial pressure o that gas in the
air to which the liquid is exposed
which of these results from hyperventilation?
a) increased alveolar PCO2 and decreased alveolar PO2
b) an increase in both PO2 & PO2
c) decreased alveolar PCO2 & increased alveolar PO2
d) a decrease in both alveolar PCO2 & PO2 - c) decreased alveolar PCO2 & increased
alveolar PO2
In which form is most of the oxygen carried in arterial blood?
a) bound to hemoglobin
b) dissolved in the plasma
c) dissolved in the cytosol of erthrocytes
d) converted to HCO3 - a) bound to hemoglobin
after CO2 is produced by tissues, in what form is most of that carbon transported th the
lungs for removal from the body?
a) as dissolved CO2
b) found to hemoglobin
c) as H2CO3
d) as dissolved HCO3 - d) as dissolved HCO3
action potential in neurnos in the inspiratory center of the medulla result in ation
potentials in the ____nerves to the diaphragm, which in turn cause ___ of the muscle,
resulting in a/an____ in the volume of teh thoiracic cage. a) motor, contraction,
decrease b? parasympathetic, contration, decrease c) sympathetic, contraction,
increase
D) motor, contraction, increase - D) motor, contraction, increase
which is NOT a function of the kidneys in maintin homeostaisis?
a) regulation of extracellular fluid osmolarity
b) regulation of blood hydrogen ion concentration
c) regulation of blood glucose concentration
d) regulation of extracellular fluid volume - c) regulation of blood glucose concentration
