BIO 133 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
Which of the following is true of peptide hormones: - Answer -attach to receptors
located on the outside of target cell's plasma membrane
Which of the following hormones is NOT released into the hypothalamic-pituitary portal
system? - Answer -Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
The mechanisms of homeostasis: - Answer -maintain a relatively constant internal
physiological environment regardless of the changes in the external environment.
Which of the following physiological control mechanisms is a response to a rise in core
body temperature? - Answer -Increased blood flow to the skin (vasodilation)
An example of a properly functioning homeostatic control system is seen when: -
Answer -excess salt is excreted via urine when dietary salt levels rise too high in blood
Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) are synthesized (made) in the: - Answer -
hypothalamus
If the thyroid gland was physically damaged causing it to release unusually low levels of
thyroid hormone into the blood, what would you expect the effect to be on TRH levels in
the blood? - Answer -TRH would become higher than normal
If a tumor is present on the thyroid gland and causes unusually high levels of thyroid
hormones to be released into the blood, what would you expect the effect to be on TRH
levels in the blood? - Answer -TRH would become lower than normal
The ___________ portal system connects the hypothalamus' blood supply with the
_____________ blood supply. - Answer -hypothalamo-hypophyseal, anterior pituitary's
What type of mechanism does the following describe: "If conditions deviate too far from
a set point (narrow range), biochemical reactions are initiated to change conditions back
toward the set point" - Answer -Negative feedback mechanism
If you separated the components of blood and looked closely at only the plasma, you
might find ________. - Answer -hormones
Gas exchange requires a surface that is both ________. - Answer -thin and moist
The basic rhythm of the heartbeat is set by the ________. - Answer -sinoatrial node
Red blood cells with a sickle shape can block circulation in small blood vessels. Which
blood vessels are most likely to become blocked by sickle cells? - Answer -capillaries
, The one-way flow of blood in veins is maintained by ________. - Answer -valves
Veins carry - Answer -blood toward the heart
What path does a molecule of O2 take from the nose to the respiratory surface? -
Answer -pharynx → larynx → trachea → bronchus → bronchiole → alveolus
White blood cells play a particularly important role in ________. - Answer -fighting
infections
What is one way in which the cardiovascular system of a mammal is different than that
of an arthropod such as an insect? - Answer -A mammal's blood is always contained
inside vessels, while an insect's blood sometimes leaves the vessels.
Why is blood pressure higher during systole than during diastole? - Answer -The
contraction of the heart during systole increases the blood pressure against arterial
walls.
Examples of steroids or sterol hormones - Answer -aldosterone, estradiol, cortisol
What kind of hormone is oxytocin? - Answer -peptide
What kind of hormone is norepinephrine? - Answer -modified amino acid
Which of the four main classes of biological molecules makes up the inner portion of cell
membranes?(i.e. it's a ________________ bilayer). - Answer -lipid
Does the lipid class of molecules mix well with water? - Answer -no
"water loving", dissolves in water - Answer -hydrophilic
"water fearing", doesn't dissolve in water - Answer -hydrophobic
able to dissolve freely through the interior of a biological membrane - Answer -
hydrophobic
Where is the receptor for steroid hormones? - Answer -inside of cell (nucleus)
What process does the hormone-receptor complex initiate in the nucleus of the cell? -
Answer -transcription (mRNA synthesis)
Physical effects such as lower pH, higher temperature, and higher CO2 levels
________hemoglobin affinity for O2. - Answer -DECREASE (curve shifts right)
vasospasm - Answer -involuntary contraction of a blood vessel; helps reduce blood
loss
Which of the following is true of peptide hormones: - Answer -attach to receptors
located on the outside of target cell's plasma membrane
Which of the following hormones is NOT released into the hypothalamic-pituitary portal
system? - Answer -Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
The mechanisms of homeostasis: - Answer -maintain a relatively constant internal
physiological environment regardless of the changes in the external environment.
Which of the following physiological control mechanisms is a response to a rise in core
body temperature? - Answer -Increased blood flow to the skin (vasodilation)
An example of a properly functioning homeostatic control system is seen when: -
Answer -excess salt is excreted via urine when dietary salt levels rise too high in blood
Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) are synthesized (made) in the: - Answer -
hypothalamus
If the thyroid gland was physically damaged causing it to release unusually low levels of
thyroid hormone into the blood, what would you expect the effect to be on TRH levels in
the blood? - Answer -TRH would become higher than normal
If a tumor is present on the thyroid gland and causes unusually high levels of thyroid
hormones to be released into the blood, what would you expect the effect to be on TRH
levels in the blood? - Answer -TRH would become lower than normal
The ___________ portal system connects the hypothalamus' blood supply with the
_____________ blood supply. - Answer -hypothalamo-hypophyseal, anterior pituitary's
What type of mechanism does the following describe: "If conditions deviate too far from
a set point (narrow range), biochemical reactions are initiated to change conditions back
toward the set point" - Answer -Negative feedback mechanism
If you separated the components of blood and looked closely at only the plasma, you
might find ________. - Answer -hormones
Gas exchange requires a surface that is both ________. - Answer -thin and moist
The basic rhythm of the heartbeat is set by the ________. - Answer -sinoatrial node
Red blood cells with a sickle shape can block circulation in small blood vessels. Which
blood vessels are most likely to become blocked by sickle cells? - Answer -capillaries
, The one-way flow of blood in veins is maintained by ________. - Answer -valves
Veins carry - Answer -blood toward the heart
What path does a molecule of O2 take from the nose to the respiratory surface? -
Answer -pharynx → larynx → trachea → bronchus → bronchiole → alveolus
White blood cells play a particularly important role in ________. - Answer -fighting
infections
What is one way in which the cardiovascular system of a mammal is different than that
of an arthropod such as an insect? - Answer -A mammal's blood is always contained
inside vessels, while an insect's blood sometimes leaves the vessels.
Why is blood pressure higher during systole than during diastole? - Answer -The
contraction of the heart during systole increases the blood pressure against arterial
walls.
Examples of steroids or sterol hormones - Answer -aldosterone, estradiol, cortisol
What kind of hormone is oxytocin? - Answer -peptide
What kind of hormone is norepinephrine? - Answer -modified amino acid
Which of the four main classes of biological molecules makes up the inner portion of cell
membranes?(i.e. it's a ________________ bilayer). - Answer -lipid
Does the lipid class of molecules mix well with water? - Answer -no
"water loving", dissolves in water - Answer -hydrophilic
"water fearing", doesn't dissolve in water - Answer -hydrophobic
able to dissolve freely through the interior of a biological membrane - Answer -
hydrophobic
Where is the receptor for steroid hormones? - Answer -inside of cell (nucleus)
What process does the hormone-receptor complex initiate in the nucleus of the cell? -
Answer -transcription (mRNA synthesis)
Physical effects such as lower pH, higher temperature, and higher CO2 levels
________hemoglobin affinity for O2. - Answer -DECREASE (curve shifts right)
vasospasm - Answer -involuntary contraction of a blood vessel; helps reduce blood
loss
