Davis Advantage Pathophysiology
Companion — Learning Objectives &
Chapter Reviews
Foundational Concepts
1. What is the best definition of pathophysiology?
A) The study of drug effects on the body
B) The study of normal body structure and function
C) The study of the functional changes in the body caused by disease,
injury, or disorder
D) The study of human anatomy under stress
2. The term "etiology" refers to:
A) The signs and symptoms of a disease
B) The expected outcome of a disease
C) The cause or origin of a disease
D) The complications that arise from a disease
3. A patient's complaint of pain and dizziness is considered part of the:
A) Diagnosis
B) Clinical manifestations (symptoms)
C) Etiology
D) Pathogenesis
4. What is the primary difference between a sign and a symptom?
A) Signs are chronic, symptoms are acute.
B) Signs are objective and measurable; symptoms are subjective and
felt by the patient.
,C) Signs are always visible, symptoms are never visible.
D) There is no significant difference.
5. The stage of a disease when the patient functions normally despite
the presence of the disease is known as:
A) Prodromal period
B) Acute phase
C) Subclinical stage
D) Convalescence
Cellular Injury & Adaptation
6. Which cellular adaptation involves a decrease in cell size?
A) Hypertrophy
B) Metaplasia
C) Atrophy
D) Dysplasia
7. Myocardial enlargement due to chronic hypertension is an example
of:
A) Hyperplasia
B) Hypertrophy
C) Atrophy
D) Metaplasia
8. The replacement of normal columnar ciliated epithelium in the
bronchus by stratified squamous epithelium in a smoker is an example
of:
A) Dysplasia
B) Metaplasia
,C) Atrophy
D) Anaplasia
9. What is the most common cause of cellular injury?
A) Genetic mutations
B) Physical trauma
C) Hypoxia
D) Chemical toxins
10. Coagulative necrosis is most characteristically associated with
ischemia in which organ?
A) Brain
B) Heart
C) Liver
D) Lungs
11. Apoptosis is best described as:
A) Uncontrolled cell death causing inflammation
B) Programmed, controlled cell death without inflammation
C) Cell death due to bacterial infection
D) The same as liquefactive necrosis
12. Free radical injury often damages cells by:
A) Promoting alkalosis
B) Damaging lipid membranes, proteins, and DNA
C) Causing intracellular edema only
D) Blocking all energy production
Fluids, Electrolytes, & Acid-Base
, 13. The primary force driving fluid from the intravascular space into
the interstitial space is:
A) Plasma oncotic pressure
B) Capillary hydrostatic pressure
C) Interstitial osmotic pressure
D) Lymphatic drainage
14. Edema caused by low albumin (hypoalbuminemia) is primarily due
to a decrease in:
A) Capillary hydrostatic pressure
B) Plasma colloid osmotic (oncotic) pressure
C) Lymphatic flow
D) Sodium retention
15. The principal extracellular cation is:
A) Potassium
B) Sodium
C) Chloride
D) Calcium
16. Hyperkalemia can cause a dangerous cardiac effect characterized
by:
A) Shortened QT interval
B) Peaked T-waves on ECG
C) Bradycardia with U-waves
D) Prolonged PR interval
17. The primary regulator of serum osmolality is:
A) Potassium
B) Calcium
Companion — Learning Objectives &
Chapter Reviews
Foundational Concepts
1. What is the best definition of pathophysiology?
A) The study of drug effects on the body
B) The study of normal body structure and function
C) The study of the functional changes in the body caused by disease,
injury, or disorder
D) The study of human anatomy under stress
2. The term "etiology" refers to:
A) The signs and symptoms of a disease
B) The expected outcome of a disease
C) The cause or origin of a disease
D) The complications that arise from a disease
3. A patient's complaint of pain and dizziness is considered part of the:
A) Diagnosis
B) Clinical manifestations (symptoms)
C) Etiology
D) Pathogenesis
4. What is the primary difference between a sign and a symptom?
A) Signs are chronic, symptoms are acute.
B) Signs are objective and measurable; symptoms are subjective and
felt by the patient.
,C) Signs are always visible, symptoms are never visible.
D) There is no significant difference.
5. The stage of a disease when the patient functions normally despite
the presence of the disease is known as:
A) Prodromal period
B) Acute phase
C) Subclinical stage
D) Convalescence
Cellular Injury & Adaptation
6. Which cellular adaptation involves a decrease in cell size?
A) Hypertrophy
B) Metaplasia
C) Atrophy
D) Dysplasia
7. Myocardial enlargement due to chronic hypertension is an example
of:
A) Hyperplasia
B) Hypertrophy
C) Atrophy
D) Metaplasia
8. The replacement of normal columnar ciliated epithelium in the
bronchus by stratified squamous epithelium in a smoker is an example
of:
A) Dysplasia
B) Metaplasia
,C) Atrophy
D) Anaplasia
9. What is the most common cause of cellular injury?
A) Genetic mutations
B) Physical trauma
C) Hypoxia
D) Chemical toxins
10. Coagulative necrosis is most characteristically associated with
ischemia in which organ?
A) Brain
B) Heart
C) Liver
D) Lungs
11. Apoptosis is best described as:
A) Uncontrolled cell death causing inflammation
B) Programmed, controlled cell death without inflammation
C) Cell death due to bacterial infection
D) The same as liquefactive necrosis
12. Free radical injury often damages cells by:
A) Promoting alkalosis
B) Damaging lipid membranes, proteins, and DNA
C) Causing intracellular edema only
D) Blocking all energy production
Fluids, Electrolytes, & Acid-Base
, 13. The primary force driving fluid from the intravascular space into
the interstitial space is:
A) Plasma oncotic pressure
B) Capillary hydrostatic pressure
C) Interstitial osmotic pressure
D) Lymphatic drainage
14. Edema caused by low albumin (hypoalbuminemia) is primarily due
to a decrease in:
A) Capillary hydrostatic pressure
B) Plasma colloid osmotic (oncotic) pressure
C) Lymphatic flow
D) Sodium retention
15. The principal extracellular cation is:
A) Potassium
B) Sodium
C) Chloride
D) Calcium
16. Hyperkalemia can cause a dangerous cardiac effect characterized
by:
A) Shortened QT interval
B) Peaked T-waves on ECG
C) Bradycardia with U-waves
D) Prolonged PR interval
17. The primary regulator of serum osmolality is:
A) Potassium
B) Calcium
