ITM 207 MIDTERM
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_842ypc
1. Data and computers: are multimedia devices, dealing with a vast array of info categories
store, present, and help us modify
- Numbers
Texts
Video/audio
All stored as binary digits (Bits)
2. Data compression: Reduction in the amount of space needed to store a piece of data or the bandwidth to
transmit it
3. Compression ratio: Size of compressed data divided by size of original data
4. lossless: data can be retrieved without any loss of the original information
5. Lossy Compression: some information is lost permanently in the process
6. analog data: A continuous representation of data, analogues to actual info it represents
7. digital data: A discrete representation, breaking the information up into separate elements
8. Binary representation of data: a type of data that is represented or displayed in the binary numeral
system; the only category of data that can be directly understood and executed by a computer; numerically represented
by a combination of zeros and ones
9. Signed-magnitude number representation: The sign represents the ordering, and the digits
represent the magnitude of the number
Let 0 through 49 represent 0 - 49
Let 50 through 99 represent -50 through -1
10. Tens complement representation: formula to compute the representation of a negative number
Negative(I)= 10k - I, where K is the number of digits
Ex. -3 is negative(3), so using two digits, its representation is
Negative(3)- 100-3=97 97
11. ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange): used 7 bits to repre-
sent each character, allowing 128 unique characters
12. Unicode character set: 16 bits per character, supporting 65,536 unique characters
13. Text Compression: The act of reducing the size of a �le.
1/5
, ITM 207 MIDTERM
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_842ypc
14. types of text compressions: Keyword encoding
Run length encoding
Hu man encoding
15. Keyword Encoding: Replacing a frequently used word with a single character
as=%
16. Run Length Encoding: replacing a long series of a repeated character with a count of the repetition
use ag, repeated value, number of repetitions
17. Hu�man encoding: Using a variable-length binary string to represent a character so that frequently used
characters have short codes
18. Representing Audio Information: Some data lost, reasonable sound reproduced (peak is usually
lost)
- Read by low intensity laser
-Receptor converts re ections into binary digits
-Bit strings represent audio signal
19. pits: re ected poorly
20. lands: re ected well
21. Representing images and graphics: Color is expressed as RGB (red, green, blue) value- three
numbers indicating relative contribution of each primary colours
RGB value of (255, 255, 0) maximizes contribution of red and green, and minimizes blue, which results in bright yellow
Colour depth: amount of data used to represent colour
22. Hi color: 16 bit colour depth: 5 bits used for each number in an RGB value with the extra bit sometimes used
to represent transparency
23. TrueColor: A 24-bit color depth: eight bits used for each number in an RGB value
24. pixels: dots of colour that make up a image
25. resolution: number of pixels in image
2/5
, ITM 207 MIDTERM
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_842ypc
26. raster graphics: Treat image as collection of pixels
Common formats: BMP, GIF, PNG, AND JPEG
27. Vector Graphics: treat image as collection of geometric objects
Most important formats: Flash and SVG
28. gate: : device that performs basic operations on electrical signals
29. Circuits: gates combined to perform more complicated tasks
30. Boolean Expression: in programming, a mathematical expression that evaluates to True or False.
31. Logic diagrams: A graphical representation of a circuit; each gate has its own symbol
32. NOT gate: Also called an INVERTER gate or an inverting bu er. A logic gate that changes its input logic level to
the opposite state.
33. And gate: accepts two input signals. If both are 1, the output is 1; otherwise, the output is 0
34. or gate: accepts two input signals
Both are 0, the output is zero; otherwise output
35. XOR Gate: Accepts two input signals
If both same output 0; otherwise, output is 1
36. NAND gate: Accepts two input signals
If both 1, output is 0l otherwise, output is 1
37. Transistor: Device that acts either as a wire that conducts electricity or as a resistor that blocks the ow of
electricity, depending on voltage level of an input signal
has no moving parts, acts like a switch
Made of a semiconductor material
38. Combinational Circuit: Gates combined into circuits by using output of one gate as input for another
39. Sequential circuit: output is function of the input values and the existing state of the circuit
40. Circuit equivalence:: two circuits produce same output for identical input
41. adders: Digital logic level, addition is performed in binary
Addition operations are carried out by special circuits called appropriately adders
results of two __ can produce carry value
42. Half Adder: A circuit that computes the sum of two bits and produces the appropriate carry bit
3/5
, ITM 207 MIDTERM
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_842ypc
43. Full Adder: A circuit that takes the carry-in value into account
44. Multiplexers (mux): Circuit that uses few input controls signals to determine which of several input data
signals is routed to its output signal
Control lines S0, S1, S2 determine which of eight other input lines (D0..D7) are routed to the output (F)
45. integrated circuit: Piece of silicon on which multiple gates have been embedded
Silicon pieces are mounted on plastic or ceramic package with pines on edges that can be soldered on circuit boards
or inserted into appropriate sockets
46. CPU (Central Processing Unit): _____ have a large number of pines through essentially all commu-
nications in a computer system occurs
47. SR Latch: 7 ways ______ can be designed using various kinds of gates
guarantees two outputs are complements of each other
value x is controlling state
48. how do you solve problems: Understand the problem
Devise a plan
Carry out plan
Look back
49. Computer Problem Solving: Analysis and speci�cation phase
algorithm development phase
implementation phase
maintenance phase
50. algorithms: unambiguous instructions for solving a problem or sub problem in a �nite amount of time using
a �nite amount of data
51. Abstract step: An algorithmic step containing unspeci�ed details
52. concrete step: A step for which the details are fully speci�ed
53. Top Down Design: focuses on the tasks to be done
54. object-oriented design: focuses on data involved in the solution
55. Raptors: visual programming development environment based on ow charts
4/5
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_842ypc
1. Data and computers: are multimedia devices, dealing with a vast array of info categories
store, present, and help us modify
- Numbers
Texts
Video/audio
All stored as binary digits (Bits)
2. Data compression: Reduction in the amount of space needed to store a piece of data or the bandwidth to
transmit it
3. Compression ratio: Size of compressed data divided by size of original data
4. lossless: data can be retrieved without any loss of the original information
5. Lossy Compression: some information is lost permanently in the process
6. analog data: A continuous representation of data, analogues to actual info it represents
7. digital data: A discrete representation, breaking the information up into separate elements
8. Binary representation of data: a type of data that is represented or displayed in the binary numeral
system; the only category of data that can be directly understood and executed by a computer; numerically represented
by a combination of zeros and ones
9. Signed-magnitude number representation: The sign represents the ordering, and the digits
represent the magnitude of the number
Let 0 through 49 represent 0 - 49
Let 50 through 99 represent -50 through -1
10. Tens complement representation: formula to compute the representation of a negative number
Negative(I)= 10k - I, where K is the number of digits
Ex. -3 is negative(3), so using two digits, its representation is
Negative(3)- 100-3=97 97
11. ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange): used 7 bits to repre-
sent each character, allowing 128 unique characters
12. Unicode character set: 16 bits per character, supporting 65,536 unique characters
13. Text Compression: The act of reducing the size of a �le.
1/5
, ITM 207 MIDTERM
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_842ypc
14. types of text compressions: Keyword encoding
Run length encoding
Hu man encoding
15. Keyword Encoding: Replacing a frequently used word with a single character
as=%
16. Run Length Encoding: replacing a long series of a repeated character with a count of the repetition
use ag, repeated value, number of repetitions
17. Hu�man encoding: Using a variable-length binary string to represent a character so that frequently used
characters have short codes
18. Representing Audio Information: Some data lost, reasonable sound reproduced (peak is usually
lost)
- Read by low intensity laser
-Receptor converts re ections into binary digits
-Bit strings represent audio signal
19. pits: re ected poorly
20. lands: re ected well
21. Representing images and graphics: Color is expressed as RGB (red, green, blue) value- three
numbers indicating relative contribution of each primary colours
RGB value of (255, 255, 0) maximizes contribution of red and green, and minimizes blue, which results in bright yellow
Colour depth: amount of data used to represent colour
22. Hi color: 16 bit colour depth: 5 bits used for each number in an RGB value with the extra bit sometimes used
to represent transparency
23. TrueColor: A 24-bit color depth: eight bits used for each number in an RGB value
24. pixels: dots of colour that make up a image
25. resolution: number of pixels in image
2/5
, ITM 207 MIDTERM
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_842ypc
26. raster graphics: Treat image as collection of pixels
Common formats: BMP, GIF, PNG, AND JPEG
27. Vector Graphics: treat image as collection of geometric objects
Most important formats: Flash and SVG
28. gate: : device that performs basic operations on electrical signals
29. Circuits: gates combined to perform more complicated tasks
30. Boolean Expression: in programming, a mathematical expression that evaluates to True or False.
31. Logic diagrams: A graphical representation of a circuit; each gate has its own symbol
32. NOT gate: Also called an INVERTER gate or an inverting bu er. A logic gate that changes its input logic level to
the opposite state.
33. And gate: accepts two input signals. If both are 1, the output is 1; otherwise, the output is 0
34. or gate: accepts two input signals
Both are 0, the output is zero; otherwise output
35. XOR Gate: Accepts two input signals
If both same output 0; otherwise, output is 1
36. NAND gate: Accepts two input signals
If both 1, output is 0l otherwise, output is 1
37. Transistor: Device that acts either as a wire that conducts electricity or as a resistor that blocks the ow of
electricity, depending on voltage level of an input signal
has no moving parts, acts like a switch
Made of a semiconductor material
38. Combinational Circuit: Gates combined into circuits by using output of one gate as input for another
39. Sequential circuit: output is function of the input values and the existing state of the circuit
40. Circuit equivalence:: two circuits produce same output for identical input
41. adders: Digital logic level, addition is performed in binary
Addition operations are carried out by special circuits called appropriately adders
results of two __ can produce carry value
42. Half Adder: A circuit that computes the sum of two bits and produces the appropriate carry bit
3/5
, ITM 207 MIDTERM
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_842ypc
43. Full Adder: A circuit that takes the carry-in value into account
44. Multiplexers (mux): Circuit that uses few input controls signals to determine which of several input data
signals is routed to its output signal
Control lines S0, S1, S2 determine which of eight other input lines (D0..D7) are routed to the output (F)
45. integrated circuit: Piece of silicon on which multiple gates have been embedded
Silicon pieces are mounted on plastic or ceramic package with pines on edges that can be soldered on circuit boards
or inserted into appropriate sockets
46. CPU (Central Processing Unit): _____ have a large number of pines through essentially all commu-
nications in a computer system occurs
47. SR Latch: 7 ways ______ can be designed using various kinds of gates
guarantees two outputs are complements of each other
value x is controlling state
48. how do you solve problems: Understand the problem
Devise a plan
Carry out plan
Look back
49. Computer Problem Solving: Analysis and speci�cation phase
algorithm development phase
implementation phase
maintenance phase
50. algorithms: unambiguous instructions for solving a problem or sub problem in a �nite amount of time using
a �nite amount of data
51. Abstract step: An algorithmic step containing unspeci�ed details
52. concrete step: A step for which the details are fully speci�ed
53. Top Down Design: focuses on the tasks to be done
54. object-oriented design: focuses on data involved in the solution
55. Raptors: visual programming development environment based on ow charts
4/5
