Test 4 Renal NURS 265 Questions and
Correct Answers with Complete Solutions
Galen College of Nursing
Kidney's function - ANSWERS filter waste products as well as needed body
materials (electrolytes from the blood) - necessary items are returned to the
blood through reabsorption; this mechanism allows fine-tuning of blood
homeostasis, also helps regulate BP & acid-base balance, produce erythropoietin
for RBC synthesis, and convert vitamin D to an active form.
GFR/ Glomerulus filtration Rate - ANSWERS Depends majority on BP and
blood flow, this basically means how much urine your kidneys can filter. Kidneys
self-regulate to keep a constant GFR.
Average GFR - ANSWERS 125ML/MIN
renal assessment - ANSWERS hx of chronic health problems, a sudden onset of
HTN, Antibiotic use, Long term use of NSAIDS (lowers renal function), diet,
injuries, chemical, traumas
How do the kidneys regulate BP? - ANSWERS Aldosterone
The kidney metabolize? - ANSWERS Vit D into its active form
Erythropoiesis - ANSWERS stimulates bone marrow to produce RBCs, a
decrease/damage could cause anemia
,A sudden onset of what could indicate renal failure? - ANSWERS HTN
What could make the kidneys change size? - ANSWERS renal obstruction,
failure, stenosis
Nephron - ANSWERS "working unit" where urine is formed, about 1 million
per kidney
24 hour output of urine is typically - ANSWERS 1500-2000ml/day
Acute Renal Failure - ANSWERS Rapid decrease in kidney function leading to
the collection of wastes in the body. Three types: prerenal, intrarenal, postrenal
Preener Acute Renal failure - ANSWERS decrease blood flow to the kidneys.
Causes: shock, heart failure, Pulmonary Emboli, Anaphylaxis Sepsis (illness,
trauma, shock)
Internal Acute Renal failure - ANSWERS Actual Hypoxic physical, chemical,
damage. Causes: nephritis, exposure to nephrotoxins, tubular necrosis, renal vein
stenosis, drugs, inflammation
Postrenal Acute Renal failure - ANSWERS OBSTRUCTIONS
,Acute renal failure vs Chronic (acute) - ANSWERS sudden onset, lasts 2-4weeks
(<3months), prognosis is good for return of function with care. HIGH mortality in
some situations
Acute renal failure vs Chronic (Chronic) - ANSWERS Gradual onset, permanent
damage, fatal without lifelong therapy or transplant
s&s of Chronic renal disease - ANSWERS fatigue, weakness, cold all the time,
SOB, swelling in face, hands, or feet, n&v, loss of appetite, metallic taste in mouth,
distaste for meat, confusion, increase potassium, increased bp, decreased GFR,
increase in BUN, CREATININE
_______ is the leading cause of renal disease - ANSWERS Diabetes
Diabetes w/worsening kidney function - ANSWERS Blood sugar will decrease
and pts may think they are becoming better. With kidney damage, insulin lasts
longer in the body and less is needed. Unfortunately this usually means kidney
disease has worsened.
Principles of dialysis - ANSWERS remove wastes and excess water from the
body. Blood is diverted from the patient via a vascular access to a dialyzer
machine where it passes through a semipermeable membrane, is cleansed an
then returned. Heparin will be administered. The bodys buffer system is
maintained.
Kidney function (phos &calcium) - ANSWERS Decreased function will cause
low calcium and high phos., this will cause weak and brittle bones
, Kidney function with age - ANSWERS decreases: GFR, BLOOD FLOW,
GLOMERULI. Urinary retention, nocturia, enlarged prostate
most important serum lab test-- Renal Function - ANSWERS Creatinine
Normal creatinine level - ANSWERS 0.5-1.5
24 hour creatinine - ANSWERS VIP TESTING, pt teaching, keep on ice, place
signs
phos foods - ANSWERS dairy, dried beans, peas, nuts, lentils, cocoa, beer, cola
soft drinks
BUN - ANSWERS reveals hydration, a high BUN could mean dehydration, or, if
paired with a high creatinine could mean kidney damage
Uremia/Uremic Syndrome - ANSWERS Buildup of urea/nitrogen wastes in the
blood. The kidneys have lost function to eliminate these and are failing. (may
indicate the need for dialysis)
Uremic Frost - ANSWERS Sweating urea that forms crystals on skin
Protein foods - ANSWERS animal sources, breads, cereals, vegetables, and
fruits
Correct Answers with Complete Solutions
Galen College of Nursing
Kidney's function - ANSWERS filter waste products as well as needed body
materials (electrolytes from the blood) - necessary items are returned to the
blood through reabsorption; this mechanism allows fine-tuning of blood
homeostasis, also helps regulate BP & acid-base balance, produce erythropoietin
for RBC synthesis, and convert vitamin D to an active form.
GFR/ Glomerulus filtration Rate - ANSWERS Depends majority on BP and
blood flow, this basically means how much urine your kidneys can filter. Kidneys
self-regulate to keep a constant GFR.
Average GFR - ANSWERS 125ML/MIN
renal assessment - ANSWERS hx of chronic health problems, a sudden onset of
HTN, Antibiotic use, Long term use of NSAIDS (lowers renal function), diet,
injuries, chemical, traumas
How do the kidneys regulate BP? - ANSWERS Aldosterone
The kidney metabolize? - ANSWERS Vit D into its active form
Erythropoiesis - ANSWERS stimulates bone marrow to produce RBCs, a
decrease/damage could cause anemia
,A sudden onset of what could indicate renal failure? - ANSWERS HTN
What could make the kidneys change size? - ANSWERS renal obstruction,
failure, stenosis
Nephron - ANSWERS "working unit" where urine is formed, about 1 million
per kidney
24 hour output of urine is typically - ANSWERS 1500-2000ml/day
Acute Renal Failure - ANSWERS Rapid decrease in kidney function leading to
the collection of wastes in the body. Three types: prerenal, intrarenal, postrenal
Preener Acute Renal failure - ANSWERS decrease blood flow to the kidneys.
Causes: shock, heart failure, Pulmonary Emboli, Anaphylaxis Sepsis (illness,
trauma, shock)
Internal Acute Renal failure - ANSWERS Actual Hypoxic physical, chemical,
damage. Causes: nephritis, exposure to nephrotoxins, tubular necrosis, renal vein
stenosis, drugs, inflammation
Postrenal Acute Renal failure - ANSWERS OBSTRUCTIONS
,Acute renal failure vs Chronic (acute) - ANSWERS sudden onset, lasts 2-4weeks
(<3months), prognosis is good for return of function with care. HIGH mortality in
some situations
Acute renal failure vs Chronic (Chronic) - ANSWERS Gradual onset, permanent
damage, fatal without lifelong therapy or transplant
s&s of Chronic renal disease - ANSWERS fatigue, weakness, cold all the time,
SOB, swelling in face, hands, or feet, n&v, loss of appetite, metallic taste in mouth,
distaste for meat, confusion, increase potassium, increased bp, decreased GFR,
increase in BUN, CREATININE
_______ is the leading cause of renal disease - ANSWERS Diabetes
Diabetes w/worsening kidney function - ANSWERS Blood sugar will decrease
and pts may think they are becoming better. With kidney damage, insulin lasts
longer in the body and less is needed. Unfortunately this usually means kidney
disease has worsened.
Principles of dialysis - ANSWERS remove wastes and excess water from the
body. Blood is diverted from the patient via a vascular access to a dialyzer
machine where it passes through a semipermeable membrane, is cleansed an
then returned. Heparin will be administered. The bodys buffer system is
maintained.
Kidney function (phos &calcium) - ANSWERS Decreased function will cause
low calcium and high phos., this will cause weak and brittle bones
, Kidney function with age - ANSWERS decreases: GFR, BLOOD FLOW,
GLOMERULI. Urinary retention, nocturia, enlarged prostate
most important serum lab test-- Renal Function - ANSWERS Creatinine
Normal creatinine level - ANSWERS 0.5-1.5
24 hour creatinine - ANSWERS VIP TESTING, pt teaching, keep on ice, place
signs
phos foods - ANSWERS dairy, dried beans, peas, nuts, lentils, cocoa, beer, cola
soft drinks
BUN - ANSWERS reveals hydration, a high BUN could mean dehydration, or, if
paired with a high creatinine could mean kidney damage
Uremia/Uremic Syndrome - ANSWERS Buildup of urea/nitrogen wastes in the
blood. The kidneys have lost function to eliminate these and are failing. (may
indicate the need for dialysis)
Uremic Frost - ANSWERS Sweating urea that forms crystals on skin
Protein foods - ANSWERS animal sources, breads, cereals, vegetables, and
fruits
