1|Page
IS 312 Final Exam with accurate and verified
questions covering information systems
fundamentals, database management, systems
analysis, cybersecurity, and business technology
applications.
1. Wilhelm Wundt
a. was the first clinical psychologist
b. began the scientific study of children
c. was the father of modern statistics
d. founded one of the first psychological laboratories -
.....ANSWER ...✔✔ D
Journals' reluctance to publish null findings contributes to
the ______ problem, which refers to the fact that null
findings are rarely published and thus remain locked
away in researchers' records.
a. secret society
b. social desirability
c. low-power
d. file-drawer - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ D
,2|Page
How does an interval scale of measurement differ from
a ratio scale of measurement?
a. They don't differ (they are the same)
b. The most powerful statistical analyses can be
performed on interval (or ordinal) scaled data, but not
on ratio scaled data.
c. Only the interval scale has a true zero point (there
can not be negative values).
d. Only the ratio scale has a true zero point (there can
not be negative values). - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ D
Cronbach's alpha coefficient is a common measure used
to report _________
a. face validity
b. inter-item reliability
c. discriminant validity
d. construct validity - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ B
In an experiment, the researcher _____; while in a
correlational study, the researcher _____.
a. Measures two variables; Manipulates one variable to
observe its effect on another variable
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b. Cannot make causal conclusion; Can always make
causal conclusions
c. Uses a correlation coefficient to analyze the results;
Uses a t-test to analyze the results
d. Manipulates one variable to observe its effect on
another variable; Measures two variables - .....ANSWER
...✔✔ D
If participants' observed scores equal their true scores,
a. the measure has low reliability
b. measurement error is high
c. reliability is higher than validity
d. measurement error is zero - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ D
Dr. Doctor is interested in whether psychological stress
causes people to sleep more or sleep less. She
administers a questionnaire to 120 participants which
asks them to report whether they have experienced a
number of psychologically stressful events in the last
week. She then asks them to report on their sleep in the
last week. She finds that the more stressful experiences
they have experienced, the less they sleep.
In this study, psychological stress was _____________
and sleep was _________________.
, 4|Page
a. Manipulated/manipulated
b. Measured/measured
c. Manipulated/measured
d. Measured/manipulated - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ B
Dr. Doctor is interested in whether psychological stress
causes people to sleep more or sleep less. She
administers a questionnaire to 120 participants which
asks them to report whether they have experienced a
number of psychologically stressful events in the last
week. She then asks them to report on their sleep in the
last week. She finds that the more stressful experiences
they have experienced, the less they sleep.
8. Based on your answers to the above question, you
can conclude this was a(n)....
a. True experiment
b. Descriptive study
c. Participant observer study
d. Correlational study - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ D
Dr. Doctor is interested in whether psychological stress
causes people to sleep more or sleep less. She
administers a questionnaire to 120 participants which
IS 312 Final Exam with accurate and verified
questions covering information systems
fundamentals, database management, systems
analysis, cybersecurity, and business technology
applications.
1. Wilhelm Wundt
a. was the first clinical psychologist
b. began the scientific study of children
c. was the father of modern statistics
d. founded one of the first psychological laboratories -
.....ANSWER ...✔✔ D
Journals' reluctance to publish null findings contributes to
the ______ problem, which refers to the fact that null
findings are rarely published and thus remain locked
away in researchers' records.
a. secret society
b. social desirability
c. low-power
d. file-drawer - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ D
,2|Page
How does an interval scale of measurement differ from
a ratio scale of measurement?
a. They don't differ (they are the same)
b. The most powerful statistical analyses can be
performed on interval (or ordinal) scaled data, but not
on ratio scaled data.
c. Only the interval scale has a true zero point (there
can not be negative values).
d. Only the ratio scale has a true zero point (there can
not be negative values). - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ D
Cronbach's alpha coefficient is a common measure used
to report _________
a. face validity
b. inter-item reliability
c. discriminant validity
d. construct validity - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ B
In an experiment, the researcher _____; while in a
correlational study, the researcher _____.
a. Measures two variables; Manipulates one variable to
observe its effect on another variable
,3|Page
b. Cannot make causal conclusion; Can always make
causal conclusions
c. Uses a correlation coefficient to analyze the results;
Uses a t-test to analyze the results
d. Manipulates one variable to observe its effect on
another variable; Measures two variables - .....ANSWER
...✔✔ D
If participants' observed scores equal their true scores,
a. the measure has low reliability
b. measurement error is high
c. reliability is higher than validity
d. measurement error is zero - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ D
Dr. Doctor is interested in whether psychological stress
causes people to sleep more or sleep less. She
administers a questionnaire to 120 participants which
asks them to report whether they have experienced a
number of psychologically stressful events in the last
week. She then asks them to report on their sleep in the
last week. She finds that the more stressful experiences
they have experienced, the less they sleep.
In this study, psychological stress was _____________
and sleep was _________________.
, 4|Page
a. Manipulated/manipulated
b. Measured/measured
c. Manipulated/measured
d. Measured/manipulated - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ B
Dr. Doctor is interested in whether psychological stress
causes people to sleep more or sleep less. She
administers a questionnaire to 120 participants which
asks them to report whether they have experienced a
number of psychologically stressful events in the last
week. She then asks them to report on their sleep in the
last week. She finds that the more stressful experiences
they have experienced, the less they sleep.
8. Based on your answers to the above question, you
can conclude this was a(n)....
a. True experiment
b. Descriptive study
c. Participant observer study
d. Correlational study - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ D
Dr. Doctor is interested in whether psychological stress
causes people to sleep more or sleep less. She
administers a questionnaire to 120 participants which
