&
Atomic Structure
↓ Introduction
1↓ Defination of Atom
An atom is the smallest unit of an element that
retains its chemical properties. It consists of a nucleous
containing Protons and neutrons , surrounded
by
electrons in various levels.
energy
6 2
.
Subatomic Particles : -
atoms are composed of three Fundamental
particles
Electrons (e) :
Negatively charged mass =
.
9 1093837X10-3"
Kg
(P ) :
*
Protons
Positively charged mass =
167262192X1027 kg .
Neutron (no) : Neutral
charge ,
mass=
1 67262192X1027
kg
.
.
,2 .
Discovery of Subatomic Particles :
[J
2 1
.
Discovery of Electron . J Thomson's
.
Cathode
Ray Experiment J .
Pump
Dischosphona
Vacuum
I
Anode+
1.
"Perforated anode"
--t
Gas at
very low
Pressure" High Voltage
. J
7 .
Thomson discovered electrons
using the
Cathode Ray Tube Experiment :
A
high Voltage was applied to
gases at low
Pressure ProducingCathode .
,
rays
These
ways were deflected by electric and
magnetic Fields proving they were negatively
,
charged .
The charged-to-mass ratio (em) of electron an
was determined as
2/kg
, 2 2 .
Discovery of Proton (Goldstein's Canal
Ray
-
Experiment)
Anode
Anode
Cathode
Rays Rays
↑ I
·
**
1111111
↑
11 1 1 I
perforated
Cathode
To Vacuum
.
E Goldstein discovered protons using the Canal
Ray Experiment :
When
high voltage was applied to gases , positively
charged rays (Canal Rays) were observed
moving
in the opposite direction of Cathode
rays
.
These Composed Protons.
rays were
of
34 Atomic Models
3.1- Thomson's atomic Model
Atomic Structure
↓ Introduction
1↓ Defination of Atom
An atom is the smallest unit of an element that
retains its chemical properties. It consists of a nucleous
containing Protons and neutrons , surrounded
by
electrons in various levels.
energy
6 2
.
Subatomic Particles : -
atoms are composed of three Fundamental
particles
Electrons (e) :
Negatively charged mass =
.
9 1093837X10-3"
Kg
(P ) :
*
Protons
Positively charged mass =
167262192X1027 kg .
Neutron (no) : Neutral
charge ,
mass=
1 67262192X1027
kg
.
.
,2 .
Discovery of Subatomic Particles :
[J
2 1
.
Discovery of Electron . J Thomson's
.
Cathode
Ray Experiment J .
Pump
Dischosphona
Vacuum
I
Anode+
1.
"Perforated anode"
--t
Gas at
very low
Pressure" High Voltage
. J
7 .
Thomson discovered electrons
using the
Cathode Ray Tube Experiment :
A
high Voltage was applied to
gases at low
Pressure ProducingCathode .
,
rays
These
ways were deflected by electric and
magnetic Fields proving they were negatively
,
charged .
The charged-to-mass ratio (em) of electron an
was determined as
2/kg
, 2 2 .
Discovery of Proton (Goldstein's Canal
Ray
-
Experiment)
Anode
Anode
Cathode
Rays Rays
↑ I
·
**
1111111
↑
11 1 1 I
perforated
Cathode
To Vacuum
.
E Goldstein discovered protons using the Canal
Ray Experiment :
When
high voltage was applied to gases , positively
charged rays (Canal Rays) were observed
moving
in the opposite direction of Cathode
rays
.
These Composed Protons.
rays were
of
34 Atomic Models
3.1- Thomson's atomic Model
