BIO 151 UMASS AMHERST EXAM 2 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE
2025/2026
in 1940 what was thought to be the carrier of genes - Answers protein
Proteins are made of? - Answers 20 amino acids
molecular biology - Answers study of heredity at the molecular level
Fredrick Griffith 1928 - Answers tested bacteria to see which killed the mouse
Avery, MacLeod and McCarty - Answers they determined that DNA is the molecule that carries
genes
Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase 1952 - Answers used bacteriophages to show that DNA is the
genetic material of E. coli
bacteriophages - Answers viruses that infect bacterial cells
Alfred and Martha's experiment? - Answers outside of bacteriophage was labeled with sulfur
and the inside was labeled with phosphorus
result of Alfred and Martha's experiment? - Answers the inside of the bacteriophages was
transferred to the other cells
Chargaff's rule - Answers A=T C=G in fixed ratios
Rosalind Franklin - Answers worked on the structure of DNA using X-rays to calculate the size,
shape and spring between any repeating elements of the molecules
James Watson and Francis Crick - Answers Determined that the DNA was a double Helix
how does the leading strand of DNA run? - Answers 5' to 3'
how do you determine the 5' end of DNA - Answers It doesn't have the OH group
pyrimidines - Answers C,T,U single rings
purines - Answers A,G double rings
all organism_____ - Answers pass DNA to offsprings when they reproduce
how are DNAs organized in cells - Answers chromosomes
chromosomes - Answers structure consisting of DNA and associated proteins. they carry the
cell's genetic information
how does a cell prepare to divide? - Answers produce a sister chromatid to form a chromosome
, How is DNA Compaction done? - Answers DNA first child around histone proteins to form
nucleosomes. nucleosomes coil to form a chromatin. a chromatin condenses to form a
chromosome
chromosome number - Answers sum of all chromosomes in a cell of a given type
diploid - Answers cells that have two of each type of chromosome
how many chromosomes do human bodies have? - Answers 46
Steps in DNA replication - Answers DNA helices breaks the hydrogen bond that hold the double
helix together and DNA strands unwind. Each parent strand serves as a template for assembly
of a new DNA strand from nucleotides. DNA polymerase assembles a complementary strand of
DNA on each of the parent strands. DNA ligase seals any gaps that remain between bases of
new DNA
DNA polymerase - Answers assembles a complementary strand of DNA on each parent strands
DNA ligase - Answers seals any gaps that remain between bases of new DNA
Semiconservative strand of DNA - Answers old with new
DNA synthesis - Answers occurs in 5' to 3' direction
what is needed during DNA synthesis to add nucleotides - Answers a free 3' OH is required for
the addition of new nucleotides
DNA synthesis of 5' to 3' - Answers it is assembled in a single piece
DNA synthesis of 3' to 5' - Answers assembled in short okazaki fragments then joined together
by ligase
Proofreading DNA replication is done by? - Answers DNA polymerase
DNA repair mechanisms - Answers correct mismatches by reversing the synthesis reaction to
remove mismatched nucleotides
mutations - Answers errors in replications
structural genes code for____ - Answers polypeptides
polypeptides become a unit of _______ - Answers function or proteins
activities of proteins determine_____ - Answers structure and function of cells
Central Dogma - Answers replication, transcription, translation
replication - Answers DNA to DNA using DNA polymerase
2025/2026
in 1940 what was thought to be the carrier of genes - Answers protein
Proteins are made of? - Answers 20 amino acids
molecular biology - Answers study of heredity at the molecular level
Fredrick Griffith 1928 - Answers tested bacteria to see which killed the mouse
Avery, MacLeod and McCarty - Answers they determined that DNA is the molecule that carries
genes
Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase 1952 - Answers used bacteriophages to show that DNA is the
genetic material of E. coli
bacteriophages - Answers viruses that infect bacterial cells
Alfred and Martha's experiment? - Answers outside of bacteriophage was labeled with sulfur
and the inside was labeled with phosphorus
result of Alfred and Martha's experiment? - Answers the inside of the bacteriophages was
transferred to the other cells
Chargaff's rule - Answers A=T C=G in fixed ratios
Rosalind Franklin - Answers worked on the structure of DNA using X-rays to calculate the size,
shape and spring between any repeating elements of the molecules
James Watson and Francis Crick - Answers Determined that the DNA was a double Helix
how does the leading strand of DNA run? - Answers 5' to 3'
how do you determine the 5' end of DNA - Answers It doesn't have the OH group
pyrimidines - Answers C,T,U single rings
purines - Answers A,G double rings
all organism_____ - Answers pass DNA to offsprings when they reproduce
how are DNAs organized in cells - Answers chromosomes
chromosomes - Answers structure consisting of DNA and associated proteins. they carry the
cell's genetic information
how does a cell prepare to divide? - Answers produce a sister chromatid to form a chromosome
, How is DNA Compaction done? - Answers DNA first child around histone proteins to form
nucleosomes. nucleosomes coil to form a chromatin. a chromatin condenses to form a
chromosome
chromosome number - Answers sum of all chromosomes in a cell of a given type
diploid - Answers cells that have two of each type of chromosome
how many chromosomes do human bodies have? - Answers 46
Steps in DNA replication - Answers DNA helices breaks the hydrogen bond that hold the double
helix together and DNA strands unwind. Each parent strand serves as a template for assembly
of a new DNA strand from nucleotides. DNA polymerase assembles a complementary strand of
DNA on each of the parent strands. DNA ligase seals any gaps that remain between bases of
new DNA
DNA polymerase - Answers assembles a complementary strand of DNA on each parent strands
DNA ligase - Answers seals any gaps that remain between bases of new DNA
Semiconservative strand of DNA - Answers old with new
DNA synthesis - Answers occurs in 5' to 3' direction
what is needed during DNA synthesis to add nucleotides - Answers a free 3' OH is required for
the addition of new nucleotides
DNA synthesis of 5' to 3' - Answers it is assembled in a single piece
DNA synthesis of 3' to 5' - Answers assembled in short okazaki fragments then joined together
by ligase
Proofreading DNA replication is done by? - Answers DNA polymerase
DNA repair mechanisms - Answers correct mismatches by reversing the synthesis reaction to
remove mismatched nucleotides
mutations - Answers errors in replications
structural genes code for____ - Answers polypeptides
polypeptides become a unit of _______ - Answers function or proteins
activities of proteins determine_____ - Answers structure and function of cells
Central Dogma - Answers replication, transcription, translation
replication - Answers DNA to DNA using DNA polymerase
