SLP Praxis Exam With Complete
Solution
What are Piaget's stages of cognitive development? - Answer Sensorimotor (0-2)
Preoperational (2-7)
Concrete (7-11)
Formal (11+)
What are the muscles involved in inspiration? - Answer Diaphragm
External intercostal muscles: raise the ribs up and out
Serratus posterior superior: elevates rib cage
Levator costarum brevis: elevates rib cage
Levator costarum logies: elevates rib cage
What are the muscles involved in expiration? - Answer Internal intercostal muscles
Latissimus dorsi
Rectum abdominis
Transverse abdominis
Internal oblique abdominal
Quadrates lumborum
What structures are involved in respiration? - Answer Lungs
Bronchi
Trachea
Spinal column
Sternum: manubrium, corpus, xiphoid process
Rib cage
What is the myoelastic-aerodynamic theory? - Answer It's a theory of phonation. VF
closure -> build up of sub glottal air pressure -> pressure blows the folds apart -> folds
vibrate -> air moves through glottal opening, decreasing pressure -> folds sucked back
together.
What are the laryngeal cartilages? - Answer Hyoid bone
Epiglottis
Thyroid cartilage
Cricoid cartilage
Arytenoids
Corniculates
,Discuss the vocal folds, aryepiglottic folds and ventricular folds. - Answer Vocal folds:
They have three layers
Epithelium: the outer cover.
Lamina propia: the middle.
Vocalis muscle: the body
Aryepiglottic folds:
They go from arytenoids to larynx. Help preserve airway.
Ventricular folds:
Sometimes vibrate with low frequencies.
What are the intrinsic muscles involved in phonation? - Answer internal thyroarytenoid:
it's the primary portion of thryoarynteoid muscles. it vibrates and produces sounds.
cricothyroid: lengthens and tenses vocal folds.
oblique and transverse arytenoid: contract and pull arynteoids together for adduction.
posterior cricoarynteoid: abducts
lateral cricoarytenoid: adducts
What are the extrinsic muscles involved in phonation? - Answer Elevators:
Digastric
Geniohyoid
Mylohyoid
Stylohyoid
Hyoglossus
Genioglossus
Depressors:
Thyrohyoid
Omohyoid
Sternothryoid
Sternohyoid
How many/what type of teeth do we have? - Answer 32 teeth: 4 incisors, 2 canine, 4
premolar and 6 molar
What are the parts of the tongue? - Answer tip, blade, dorsum, root and lingual
frenulum.
What are the intrinsic muscles of the tongue? - Answer All innervated by CN 12
Superior longitudinal muscle: shortens tongue. turns tip upward.
,Inferior longitudinal muscle: shortens tongue. turns tip downward.
Transverse muscle: elongates tongue
Vertical muscle: narrows tongue
What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue? - Answer All innervated by CN 12
Genioglossus: forms bulk of tongue. retracts, draws tongue downward
Styloglossus: draws tongue up and back
Hyoglossus: retracts and depresses tongue
Chondroglossus: depresses tongue
Palatoglossus: elevates tongue and depresses velum
What are the muscles of the pharynx? - Answer salpingopharyngeus: elevates laryngeal
wall
stylopharyngeus: elevates and opens pharynx
superior pharyngeal constrictor: pulls wall forward
middle pharyngeal constrictor: narrows diameter or pharynx
inferior pharyngeal constrictor: constricts office of esophagus and reduces diameter of
pharynx
What are the muscles of the soft palate? - Answer levator veli palatini: elevates velum
tensor veli palatini: tenses velum
palatoglossus: elevates and depresses velum
palatopharyngeus: lowers velum
What are the structures of the hard palate? - Answer Pre maxilla
Palatine process
What are the muscles of the mandible? - Answer Elevators:
Masseter
Temporalis
Pterygoid
Depressors:
Digastric
Geniohyoid
Mylohyoid
What are the cranial nerves? - Answer Olfactory
Optic
Oculomotor
Trochlear
Trigeminal
Abducens
Facial
Vestibulocochlear
, Glossopharyngeal
Vagus
Spinal accessory
Hypoglossal
Trigeminal: function and damage - Answer Provides sensory information to face. It has
three branches.
Ophthalmic: nose and eyes
Maxillary: lip, maxilla, upper cheek
Mandibular: lower teeth
Provides motor information to the jaw.
Damage could result in an inability to close mouth and chew.
Facial: function and damage - Answer Provides sensory information to anterior 2/3 of
tongue.
Provides motor information to muscles of the face.
Damage could result in a mask like appearance.
Vestibulocochlear: function and damage - Answer There are two branches. The
vestibular branch and acoustic branch. Provides sensory information.
Damage could result in hearing loss or balance issues or both.
Glossopharyngeal: function and damage - Answer Provides sensory information to
posterior 1/3 of tongue
Provides motor information to muscles of pharynx (some)
Damage could result in loss of taste, difficulty swallowing and damage to the gag reflex.
Vagus: function and damage - Answer Provides sensory and motor information to some
muscles of larynx and pharynx.
There is the recurrent laryngeal nerve which is responsible for intrinsic muscles of
larynx (except cricothryoid)
The pharyngeal branch is responsible for the pharyngeal constrictors and most muscles
of velum (except tensor tympani)
Damage could result in swallowing issues, velum paralysis and voice problems
Solution
What are Piaget's stages of cognitive development? - Answer Sensorimotor (0-2)
Preoperational (2-7)
Concrete (7-11)
Formal (11+)
What are the muscles involved in inspiration? - Answer Diaphragm
External intercostal muscles: raise the ribs up and out
Serratus posterior superior: elevates rib cage
Levator costarum brevis: elevates rib cage
Levator costarum logies: elevates rib cage
What are the muscles involved in expiration? - Answer Internal intercostal muscles
Latissimus dorsi
Rectum abdominis
Transverse abdominis
Internal oblique abdominal
Quadrates lumborum
What structures are involved in respiration? - Answer Lungs
Bronchi
Trachea
Spinal column
Sternum: manubrium, corpus, xiphoid process
Rib cage
What is the myoelastic-aerodynamic theory? - Answer It's a theory of phonation. VF
closure -> build up of sub glottal air pressure -> pressure blows the folds apart -> folds
vibrate -> air moves through glottal opening, decreasing pressure -> folds sucked back
together.
What are the laryngeal cartilages? - Answer Hyoid bone
Epiglottis
Thyroid cartilage
Cricoid cartilage
Arytenoids
Corniculates
,Discuss the vocal folds, aryepiglottic folds and ventricular folds. - Answer Vocal folds:
They have three layers
Epithelium: the outer cover.
Lamina propia: the middle.
Vocalis muscle: the body
Aryepiglottic folds:
They go from arytenoids to larynx. Help preserve airway.
Ventricular folds:
Sometimes vibrate with low frequencies.
What are the intrinsic muscles involved in phonation? - Answer internal thyroarytenoid:
it's the primary portion of thryoarynteoid muscles. it vibrates and produces sounds.
cricothyroid: lengthens and tenses vocal folds.
oblique and transverse arytenoid: contract and pull arynteoids together for adduction.
posterior cricoarynteoid: abducts
lateral cricoarytenoid: adducts
What are the extrinsic muscles involved in phonation? - Answer Elevators:
Digastric
Geniohyoid
Mylohyoid
Stylohyoid
Hyoglossus
Genioglossus
Depressors:
Thyrohyoid
Omohyoid
Sternothryoid
Sternohyoid
How many/what type of teeth do we have? - Answer 32 teeth: 4 incisors, 2 canine, 4
premolar and 6 molar
What are the parts of the tongue? - Answer tip, blade, dorsum, root and lingual
frenulum.
What are the intrinsic muscles of the tongue? - Answer All innervated by CN 12
Superior longitudinal muscle: shortens tongue. turns tip upward.
,Inferior longitudinal muscle: shortens tongue. turns tip downward.
Transverse muscle: elongates tongue
Vertical muscle: narrows tongue
What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue? - Answer All innervated by CN 12
Genioglossus: forms bulk of tongue. retracts, draws tongue downward
Styloglossus: draws tongue up and back
Hyoglossus: retracts and depresses tongue
Chondroglossus: depresses tongue
Palatoglossus: elevates tongue and depresses velum
What are the muscles of the pharynx? - Answer salpingopharyngeus: elevates laryngeal
wall
stylopharyngeus: elevates and opens pharynx
superior pharyngeal constrictor: pulls wall forward
middle pharyngeal constrictor: narrows diameter or pharynx
inferior pharyngeal constrictor: constricts office of esophagus and reduces diameter of
pharynx
What are the muscles of the soft palate? - Answer levator veli palatini: elevates velum
tensor veli palatini: tenses velum
palatoglossus: elevates and depresses velum
palatopharyngeus: lowers velum
What are the structures of the hard palate? - Answer Pre maxilla
Palatine process
What are the muscles of the mandible? - Answer Elevators:
Masseter
Temporalis
Pterygoid
Depressors:
Digastric
Geniohyoid
Mylohyoid
What are the cranial nerves? - Answer Olfactory
Optic
Oculomotor
Trochlear
Trigeminal
Abducens
Facial
Vestibulocochlear
, Glossopharyngeal
Vagus
Spinal accessory
Hypoglossal
Trigeminal: function and damage - Answer Provides sensory information to face. It has
three branches.
Ophthalmic: nose and eyes
Maxillary: lip, maxilla, upper cheek
Mandibular: lower teeth
Provides motor information to the jaw.
Damage could result in an inability to close mouth and chew.
Facial: function and damage - Answer Provides sensory information to anterior 2/3 of
tongue.
Provides motor information to muscles of the face.
Damage could result in a mask like appearance.
Vestibulocochlear: function and damage - Answer There are two branches. The
vestibular branch and acoustic branch. Provides sensory information.
Damage could result in hearing loss or balance issues or both.
Glossopharyngeal: function and damage - Answer Provides sensory information to
posterior 1/3 of tongue
Provides motor information to muscles of pharynx (some)
Damage could result in loss of taste, difficulty swallowing and damage to the gag reflex.
Vagus: function and damage - Answer Provides sensory and motor information to some
muscles of larynx and pharynx.
There is the recurrent laryngeal nerve which is responsible for intrinsic muscles of
larynx (except cricothryoid)
The pharyngeal branch is responsible for the pharyngeal constrictors and most muscles
of velum (except tensor tympani)
Damage could result in swallowing issues, velum paralysis and voice problems
