1|Page
NURS 6501 Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm Exam Review(NEW UPDATED
VERSION) LATEST ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS (VERIFIED QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS) | GUARANTEED PASS A+ [2025]
NURS 6501 – Midterm Exam
1. The cellular response to mild stress that increases cell size
is called:
A. Atrophy
B. Hypertrophy
C. Hyperplasia
D. Metaplasia
Answer: B
2. Cell adaptation in response to decreased workload is
called:
A. Hyperplasia
B. Atrophy
C. Dysplasia
D. Neoplasia
Answer: B
3. Metaplasia refers to:
A. Cell death
B. Replacement of one cell type with another
C. Increase in cell size
D. Malignant transformation
2026 2027 GRADED A+
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Answer: B
4. Hypoxia leads to cellular injury primarily by:
A. Free radical accumulation
B. Decreasing ATP production
C. DNA mutation
D. Calcium influx
Answer: B
5. Ischemia is:
A. Decreased oxygen carrying capacity of blood
B. Reduced blood flow to tissue
C. Excess oxygen delivery
D. Inflammation
Answer: B
6. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) cause injury by:
A. Increasing ATP
B. Damaging lipids, proteins, and DNA
C. Decreasing calcium influx
D. Preventing apoptosis
Answer: B
Rheumatoid arthritis - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Autoimmune disorder causing chronic joint
inflammation.
CBC - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Complete blood count; measures blood components.
Hgb - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Hemoglobin; oxygen-carrying protein in red blood cells.
2026 2027 GRADED A+
, 3|Page
Hct - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Hematocrit; percentage of blood volume from red cells.
MCV - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Mean corpuscular volume; average red blood cell size.
Platelet count - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Number of platelets per microliter of blood.
WBC count - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ White blood cell count; immune response indicator.
Serum haptoglobin - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Protein that binds free hemoglobin in blood.
Serum iron concentration - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Amount of iron in serum, measured in
micrograms.
Total iron binding capacity - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Maximum iron that can bind to transferrin.
Percent saturation - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Percentage of transferrin saturated with iron.
Serum ferritin concentration - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Indicator of stored iron in the body.
Reticulocyte concentration - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Percentage of immature red blood cells in blood.
Anemia of chronic disease - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Anemia due to chronic inflammation or illness.
Acute blood loss anemia - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Anemia resulting from sudden blood loss.
Iron deficiency anemia - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Anemia caused by insufficient iron for hemoglobin.
Overwhelming bacterial infection - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Severe infection leading to systemic
inflammatory response.
Aplastic anemia - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Failure of bone marrow to produce blood cells.
Sickle cells - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Abnormally shaped red blood cells in sickle cell disease.
Left ventricular hypertrophy - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Thickening of heart's left ventricle due to
pressure.
Aortic stenosis - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Narrowing of the aortic valve affecting blood flow.
Aortic dissection - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Tear in the aorta's inner layer causing pain.
Defibrillation - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Electrical shock to restore normal heart rhythm.
2026 2027 GRADED A+
NURS 6501 Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm Exam Review(NEW UPDATED
VERSION) LATEST ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS (VERIFIED QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS) | GUARANTEED PASS A+ [2025]
NURS 6501 – Midterm Exam
1. The cellular response to mild stress that increases cell size
is called:
A. Atrophy
B. Hypertrophy
C. Hyperplasia
D. Metaplasia
Answer: B
2. Cell adaptation in response to decreased workload is
called:
A. Hyperplasia
B. Atrophy
C. Dysplasia
D. Neoplasia
Answer: B
3. Metaplasia refers to:
A. Cell death
B. Replacement of one cell type with another
C. Increase in cell size
D. Malignant transformation
2026 2027 GRADED A+
,2|Page
Answer: B
4. Hypoxia leads to cellular injury primarily by:
A. Free radical accumulation
B. Decreasing ATP production
C. DNA mutation
D. Calcium influx
Answer: B
5. Ischemia is:
A. Decreased oxygen carrying capacity of blood
B. Reduced blood flow to tissue
C. Excess oxygen delivery
D. Inflammation
Answer: B
6. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) cause injury by:
A. Increasing ATP
B. Damaging lipids, proteins, and DNA
C. Decreasing calcium influx
D. Preventing apoptosis
Answer: B
Rheumatoid arthritis - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Autoimmune disorder causing chronic joint
inflammation.
CBC - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Complete blood count; measures blood components.
Hgb - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Hemoglobin; oxygen-carrying protein in red blood cells.
2026 2027 GRADED A+
, 3|Page
Hct - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Hematocrit; percentage of blood volume from red cells.
MCV - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Mean corpuscular volume; average red blood cell size.
Platelet count - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Number of platelets per microliter of blood.
WBC count - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ White blood cell count; immune response indicator.
Serum haptoglobin - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Protein that binds free hemoglobin in blood.
Serum iron concentration - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Amount of iron in serum, measured in
micrograms.
Total iron binding capacity - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Maximum iron that can bind to transferrin.
Percent saturation - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Percentage of transferrin saturated with iron.
Serum ferritin concentration - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Indicator of stored iron in the body.
Reticulocyte concentration - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Percentage of immature red blood cells in blood.
Anemia of chronic disease - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Anemia due to chronic inflammation or illness.
Acute blood loss anemia - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Anemia resulting from sudden blood loss.
Iron deficiency anemia - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Anemia caused by insufficient iron for hemoglobin.
Overwhelming bacterial infection - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Severe infection leading to systemic
inflammatory response.
Aplastic anemia - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Failure of bone marrow to produce blood cells.
Sickle cells - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Abnormally shaped red blood cells in sickle cell disease.
Left ventricular hypertrophy - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Thickening of heart's left ventricle due to
pressure.
Aortic stenosis - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Narrowing of the aortic valve affecting blood flow.
Aortic dissection - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Tear in the aorta's inner layer causing pain.
Defibrillation - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Electrical shock to restore normal heart rhythm.
2026 2027 GRADED A+
