HOSA Human Growth and Development a
comprehensive set of questions and answers with
well detailed solutions.
Sigmund Freud - ANSWER: Psychoanalytical Theory (id, ego, superego)
Id - ANSWER: The unconscious; present at birth and generates impulses that seek
immediate pleasure/satisfaction
Ego - ANSWER: View of the self/image that a person wants to convey to others
Superego - ANSWER: Emerges between 3 and 5 years; moral guide/conscience, delays
immediate gratification for socially appropriate reasons
Freud's Psychosexual Development - ANSWER: Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, Genital
Oral - ANSWER: First year of life; focus on mouth and need to suck
Anal - ANSWER: Toddler age; focus id on learning self-control of bowels
Phallic - ANSWER: Preschool age; focus on self, some type of masturbation, identification
with parent of the opposite sex, and development of superego
Latency - ANSWER: School age; focus on learning to suppress sexual urges and improving
industry, achievement, and skills
Genital - ANSWER: Puberty; focus on handling sexual urges with a partner, seeks mutual
pleasure
Oedipus complex - ANSWER: Young boys compete with fathers for mother's affection
Electra anxiety - ANSWER: Young girls compete with mothers for father's affection
, Carl Jung - ANSWER: Psychodynamic Theory: roots of personality are a reflection of the
family's cultures; extends into adulthood where age 40 is the "noon of life"
Introvert - ANSWER: Quiet person who focuses inward
Extrovert - ANSWER: Outgoing person who focuses on others
Erik Erikson - ANSWER: Psychosocial Theory: Stages of the Life Cycle
Trust vs Mistrust - ANSWER: Infant; develops trust of others to meet personal needs and
begins to trust himself/herself
Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt - ANSWER: Toddler; ability to act independently is equated
with trusting oneself to be good
Initiative vs Guilt - ANSWER: Preschool; initiates role models and follows rules,
experiences self control in social interactions
Industry vs Inferiority - ANSWER: School age; develops ability to make friends and
independently achieve school tasks
Identity vs Role Confusion - ANSWER: Adolescent; learns to know oneself and what one
believes and develops a career goal
Intimacy vs Isolation - ANSWER: Young adult; develops and ability to share all aspects of
life with others
Generativity vs Self Absorption - ANSWER: Middle adult; can contribute to society in a
meaningful way
Integrity vs Despair - ANSWER: Older adult (geriatric); maintains a sense of life
achievement and absence of deep regret
Stage 1: Parental Image - ANSWER: Picturing oneself as a parent
comprehensive set of questions and answers with
well detailed solutions.
Sigmund Freud - ANSWER: Psychoanalytical Theory (id, ego, superego)
Id - ANSWER: The unconscious; present at birth and generates impulses that seek
immediate pleasure/satisfaction
Ego - ANSWER: View of the self/image that a person wants to convey to others
Superego - ANSWER: Emerges between 3 and 5 years; moral guide/conscience, delays
immediate gratification for socially appropriate reasons
Freud's Psychosexual Development - ANSWER: Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, Genital
Oral - ANSWER: First year of life; focus on mouth and need to suck
Anal - ANSWER: Toddler age; focus id on learning self-control of bowels
Phallic - ANSWER: Preschool age; focus on self, some type of masturbation, identification
with parent of the opposite sex, and development of superego
Latency - ANSWER: School age; focus on learning to suppress sexual urges and improving
industry, achievement, and skills
Genital - ANSWER: Puberty; focus on handling sexual urges with a partner, seeks mutual
pleasure
Oedipus complex - ANSWER: Young boys compete with fathers for mother's affection
Electra anxiety - ANSWER: Young girls compete with mothers for father's affection
, Carl Jung - ANSWER: Psychodynamic Theory: roots of personality are a reflection of the
family's cultures; extends into adulthood where age 40 is the "noon of life"
Introvert - ANSWER: Quiet person who focuses inward
Extrovert - ANSWER: Outgoing person who focuses on others
Erik Erikson - ANSWER: Psychosocial Theory: Stages of the Life Cycle
Trust vs Mistrust - ANSWER: Infant; develops trust of others to meet personal needs and
begins to trust himself/herself
Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt - ANSWER: Toddler; ability to act independently is equated
with trusting oneself to be good
Initiative vs Guilt - ANSWER: Preschool; initiates role models and follows rules,
experiences self control in social interactions
Industry vs Inferiority - ANSWER: School age; develops ability to make friends and
independently achieve school tasks
Identity vs Role Confusion - ANSWER: Adolescent; learns to know oneself and what one
believes and develops a career goal
Intimacy vs Isolation - ANSWER: Young adult; develops and ability to share all aspects of
life with others
Generativity vs Self Absorption - ANSWER: Middle adult; can contribute to society in a
meaningful way
Integrity vs Despair - ANSWER: Older adult (geriatric); maintains a sense of life
achievement and absence of deep regret
Stage 1: Parental Image - ANSWER: Picturing oneself as a parent
