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The rangefor ultrasoundbegins:
a. 20 Hz
b. 20,000Hz
c. 2 MHz
d. 15 MHz - b. 20,000Hz (usefulfrequencyrangefor clinical imagingis 2MHz-10MHz)
Which instrumentcontrolaffectstheamplitude(dB) of theoutgoingsignal:
a. gain
b. receivergain
c. TGC
d. transmitgain
e. overallgain - d. transmitgain; amplitudecan beaffectedby thesonographer
Which of thefollowingis usedto convertDopplershift informationinto color:
a. high PRF
b. fastFourier transform
c. autocorrelation
d. timeintervalhistogram- c. autocorrelation
b is incorrect because fast Fourier transform is the method used to process
conventionalDoppler
shift informationbut is tooslowa methodfor color Doppler
Pulserepetitionfrequency- Numberof pulsesthatan ultrasoundsystemtransmitsinto the body each
second. Hz. Typically -415 KHz. PRF and depth of a view are inversely
related: When system is
imaging deeper, the pulse repetition frequency is lower.
Also thenumberof pulsescreatedeachsecond
The bestwayto increasethenearfield lengthof anultrasoundbeamis to: - increasetransducer
diameter
The rangeof frequenciesproducedby a dampedPZT elementis called:
a. fundamentalfrequencies
b. Q Factor
c. nearfield
d. bandwith- d. bandwidth
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The percentageof timethattheultrasoundinstrumentis emittingultrasoundis called:
a. PRF
b. pulseduration
c. pulserepetitionperiod
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d. dutyfactor- d. dutyfactor; the maximum
valueis 1, the minimumis 0
The unit of dutyfactoris:
a. Hz
b. mm
c. ms
d. unitless- d. unitless
QualityFactor= Fundamentalfrequency/bandwidth- This allowsdosesof differenttypes of radiation
to be compared for their biological effects.
Clinical imagingtransducersare:- widebandwidth;low q factor
Power/area=- Intensity
Which gain will increasetherisk of bioeffects?
a. transmit
b. receive
c. gain
d. overallgain - a. transmit
Which of thefollowingis consideredthememoryof anultrasoundinstrument?
a. pulser
b. transducer
c. receiver
d. beamformer
e. digitalscanconverter
f. displaymonitor- e. digital scanconverter
Spectralbroadeningsuggest:
a. laminarflow
b. turbulentflow
c. flowawayfrom thetransducer
d. flowtowardsthetransducer- b. turbulentflow
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With pulsewaveDoppleraxial resolution:- degrades
Whatcolor is usuallyusein color flowDopplervariancemap to indicateturbulentflow?- green
Dopplerhigh passfiltereliminates:- high amplitudesignals;lowvelocityflow
The Dopplerwallfilter is considereda: - high passfilter
The NyquistLimit is equalto: