CBT Exam with all Correct & 100% Verified Answers|
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Discriminative Stimulus ✔Correct Answer-Being able to discriminate b/t different stimuli
The difference between our cell phone ringing and the doorbell ringing, when you are training
someone's behavior, it is important that the individual can differentiate between the different ringing
Extinction ✔Correct Answer-the diminishing of a "learned" or "conditioned" response, when an
unconditioned stimulus does not follow a conditioned stimulus (happens in Operant Conditioning
when a response is no longer being reinforced).
Stop reinforcing behavior
Ex) kid screams in the grocery store, mom buys him candy; extinction: mom stops buy candy when
kid screams, and eventually he stops screaming
Extinction Burst ✔Correct Answer-a temporary increase in the frequency and intensity of
responding when extinction is first implemented
Fading ✔Correct Answer-the process of gradually altering the intensity of a stimulus
Fixed Interval Schedule ✔Correct Answer-a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response only
after a specified time has elapsed (ex. Skinner put rats in a box w/ a lever connected to a feeder. It
only provided reinforcement after 60 secs. The rats learned it didn't matter how early/often they
pushed the lever, they had to wait set amount of time. As the set amount of time came to an end,
the rats became more active in hitting the lever)
Functional Analysis ✔Correct Answer-causes and consequences of a behavior
Generalization ✔Correct Answer-the tendency, once a response has been conditioned, for stimuli
similar to the conditioned stimulus to elicit similar responses
Negative punishment ✔Correct Answer-When a desirable event ends or when an item is taken
away after a behavior. Ex. Getting your cell phone taken away after failing multiple classes on your
progress report.
Negative reinforcement ✔Correct Answer-the removal of an unpleasant or adverse stimulus that
increases the probability of that response happening again (ex. putting on a seatbelt to make the
annoying seatbelt buzzer stop) (negative=subtract/remove
Overcorrection ✔Correct Answer-a punishment with a penalty- ex) a woman makes a mess of her
room, so she has to clean her room and make everyone's bed in the unit
Positive punishment ✔Correct Answer-Add something in order to decrease a behavior
Ex: Spanking
Positive reinforcement ✔Correct Answer-a stimulus presented after a response that increases the
probability of that response happening again (ex. Getting paid for good grades or gaining privileges at
home for good behavior) (positive=add or apply)
, Habituation ✔Correct Answer-an organism's decreasing response to a stimulus w/ repeated
exposure to it. Ex. Car horn or emergency vehicle sirens while you're driving in the city that you
ignore/don't notice much
Shaping ✔Correct Answer-Successive approximations of a desired behavior (ex. Teach dog to sit, by
first standing still)
A technique where new behavior is produced by reinforcing responses that are similar to the desired
response
Systematic Desensitization ✔Correct Answer-Treatment for phobias, or other strong conditioned
emotions, in which the client is exposed to progressively more anxiety-inducing stimuli and taught
relaxation techniques
Major Steps:
-Rationale
-Assessment
--Identification of emotion-provoking situations
--Imagery assessment
-Intervention
--Hierarchy construction
--Selection and training of counter-conditioning or coping response
--Scene presentation
-Homework and follow-up
Token Economy ✔Correct Answer-A token economy is a form of behavior modification designed to
increase desirable behavior and decrease undesirable behavior with the use of tokens. Individuals
receive tokens immediately after displaying desirable behavior. The tokens are collected and later
exchanged for a meaningful object or privilege.
B.F. Skinner ✔Correct Answer-Became famous for his ideas in behaviorism and his work w/ rats; his
ideas center around operant conditioning, which, in essence, is the idea that behavioral responses
are strengthened when followed by a reinforcer and diminished when followed by a punisher
Ivan Pavlov ✔Correct Answer-famous contributor in the study of learning (1849-1936); originally
studied salivation and digestion, but he stumbled upon what has become known as "classical
conditioning" while he was experimenting on his dog. He discovered that a neutral stimulus (any
stimulus that produces no conditioned response prior to learning), when paired w/ a natural reflex-
producing stimulus, will begin to produce a learned response, even when it is presented by itself
Operant Conditioning ✔Correct Answer-a form of learning in which the probability of a behavioral
response is changed by its consequences, that is, by the stimuli that follows the response; An
operant is an observable behaviors that an organism uses to "operate" in its environment.
Classical Conditioning ✔Correct Answer-form of learning that occurs when a previously neutral
stimulus is linked to another neutral stimulus and therefore acquires the power to elicit a consistent
and innate reflex. Upon repetition, the individual will come to expect this response. Consists of:
Neutral Stimulus (NS)
Unconditioned stimulus (US)
Latest Version| Already Graded A+ (Just Released)
Discriminative Stimulus ✔Correct Answer-Being able to discriminate b/t different stimuli
The difference between our cell phone ringing and the doorbell ringing, when you are training
someone's behavior, it is important that the individual can differentiate between the different ringing
Extinction ✔Correct Answer-the diminishing of a "learned" or "conditioned" response, when an
unconditioned stimulus does not follow a conditioned stimulus (happens in Operant Conditioning
when a response is no longer being reinforced).
Stop reinforcing behavior
Ex) kid screams in the grocery store, mom buys him candy; extinction: mom stops buy candy when
kid screams, and eventually he stops screaming
Extinction Burst ✔Correct Answer-a temporary increase in the frequency and intensity of
responding when extinction is first implemented
Fading ✔Correct Answer-the process of gradually altering the intensity of a stimulus
Fixed Interval Schedule ✔Correct Answer-a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response only
after a specified time has elapsed (ex. Skinner put rats in a box w/ a lever connected to a feeder. It
only provided reinforcement after 60 secs. The rats learned it didn't matter how early/often they
pushed the lever, they had to wait set amount of time. As the set amount of time came to an end,
the rats became more active in hitting the lever)
Functional Analysis ✔Correct Answer-causes and consequences of a behavior
Generalization ✔Correct Answer-the tendency, once a response has been conditioned, for stimuli
similar to the conditioned stimulus to elicit similar responses
Negative punishment ✔Correct Answer-When a desirable event ends or when an item is taken
away after a behavior. Ex. Getting your cell phone taken away after failing multiple classes on your
progress report.
Negative reinforcement ✔Correct Answer-the removal of an unpleasant or adverse stimulus that
increases the probability of that response happening again (ex. putting on a seatbelt to make the
annoying seatbelt buzzer stop) (negative=subtract/remove
Overcorrection ✔Correct Answer-a punishment with a penalty- ex) a woman makes a mess of her
room, so she has to clean her room and make everyone's bed in the unit
Positive punishment ✔Correct Answer-Add something in order to decrease a behavior
Ex: Spanking
Positive reinforcement ✔Correct Answer-a stimulus presented after a response that increases the
probability of that response happening again (ex. Getting paid for good grades or gaining privileges at
home for good behavior) (positive=add or apply)
, Habituation ✔Correct Answer-an organism's decreasing response to a stimulus w/ repeated
exposure to it. Ex. Car horn or emergency vehicle sirens while you're driving in the city that you
ignore/don't notice much
Shaping ✔Correct Answer-Successive approximations of a desired behavior (ex. Teach dog to sit, by
first standing still)
A technique where new behavior is produced by reinforcing responses that are similar to the desired
response
Systematic Desensitization ✔Correct Answer-Treatment for phobias, or other strong conditioned
emotions, in which the client is exposed to progressively more anxiety-inducing stimuli and taught
relaxation techniques
Major Steps:
-Rationale
-Assessment
--Identification of emotion-provoking situations
--Imagery assessment
-Intervention
--Hierarchy construction
--Selection and training of counter-conditioning or coping response
--Scene presentation
-Homework and follow-up
Token Economy ✔Correct Answer-A token economy is a form of behavior modification designed to
increase desirable behavior and decrease undesirable behavior with the use of tokens. Individuals
receive tokens immediately after displaying desirable behavior. The tokens are collected and later
exchanged for a meaningful object or privilege.
B.F. Skinner ✔Correct Answer-Became famous for his ideas in behaviorism and his work w/ rats; his
ideas center around operant conditioning, which, in essence, is the idea that behavioral responses
are strengthened when followed by a reinforcer and diminished when followed by a punisher
Ivan Pavlov ✔Correct Answer-famous contributor in the study of learning (1849-1936); originally
studied salivation and digestion, but he stumbled upon what has become known as "classical
conditioning" while he was experimenting on his dog. He discovered that a neutral stimulus (any
stimulus that produces no conditioned response prior to learning), when paired w/ a natural reflex-
producing stimulus, will begin to produce a learned response, even when it is presented by itself
Operant Conditioning ✔Correct Answer-a form of learning in which the probability of a behavioral
response is changed by its consequences, that is, by the stimuli that follows the response; An
operant is an observable behaviors that an organism uses to "operate" in its environment.
Classical Conditioning ✔Correct Answer-form of learning that occurs when a previously neutral
stimulus is linked to another neutral stimulus and therefore acquires the power to elicit a consistent
and innate reflex. Upon repetition, the individual will come to expect this response. Consists of:
Neutral Stimulus (NS)
Unconditioned stimulus (US)
