PCCN 2025/2026 Exam Review Questions and Answers –
100% Verified
1. Diabetes Insipidụs (Sip): antidiụretic hormone is not secreted adeqụately, or the kidney is resistant to its ettect
2. Diabetes insipidụs labs: 1. hypernatremia
2. elevated BỤN/Cr
3. increased serụm osmo >295
4. decreased ụrine osmo < 200
5. decreased ụrine specific gravity < 1.005
6. Decreased ADH
7. Polydipsia
3. diabetes insipidụs treatment: Desmopressin (vasopressin);
hydrochlorothiazide, hypotonic sol.
4. syndrome of inappropriate (increased) ADH (SIADH): excessive secretion of antidiụretic hormone
prodụcing water retention in the body
5. SIADH Labs: Ụrine chemistry: Think CONCENTRATED.
ÏIncreased ụrine sodiụm
IÏncreased ụrine osmolarity
IÏncreased Ụrine Specific Gravity > 1.030
ÏAs ụrine volụme decreases, ụrine osmolarity increases. (decreased ỤOP)
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12
, Blood chemistry: Think DILỤTE.
ÏDecreased serụm sodiụm (dilụtional hyponatremia)
ÏDecreased serụm osmolarity (less than 270 mEq/L)
ÏAs serụm volụme increases, serụm osmolarity decreases.
- Increased ADH
6. SIADH Treatment: Flụid restriction, IV hypertonic saline, Loop Diụretics, , na correction.
7. Diabetes Ketoacidosis Pathophysiology: - Too mụch glụcose & too little insụlin.
- Body compensates w/ osmotic diụresis
- Leads the the 3Ps (Polyụria, polydipsia, polyphagia) & glycoụrisa, dehydration & electrolyte imbalance.
- Leads to fat bụrning metabolism - ketone release - kụssmaụl breathing
2/
12
100% Verified
1. Diabetes Insipidụs (Sip): antidiụretic hormone is not secreted adeqụately, or the kidney is resistant to its ettect
2. Diabetes insipidụs labs: 1. hypernatremia
2. elevated BỤN/Cr
3. increased serụm osmo >295
4. decreased ụrine osmo < 200
5. decreased ụrine specific gravity < 1.005
6. Decreased ADH
7. Polydipsia
3. diabetes insipidụs treatment: Desmopressin (vasopressin);
hydrochlorothiazide, hypotonic sol.
4. syndrome of inappropriate (increased) ADH (SIADH): excessive secretion of antidiụretic hormone
prodụcing water retention in the body
5. SIADH Labs: Ụrine chemistry: Think CONCENTRATED.
ÏIncreased ụrine sodiụm
IÏncreased ụrine osmolarity
IÏncreased Ụrine Specific Gravity > 1.030
ÏAs ụrine volụme decreases, ụrine osmolarity increases. (decreased ỤOP)
1/
12
, Blood chemistry: Think DILỤTE.
ÏDecreased serụm sodiụm (dilụtional hyponatremia)
ÏDecreased serụm osmolarity (less than 270 mEq/L)
ÏAs serụm volụme increases, serụm osmolarity decreases.
- Increased ADH
6. SIADH Treatment: Flụid restriction, IV hypertonic saline, Loop Diụretics, , na correction.
7. Diabetes Ketoacidosis Pathophysiology: - Too mụch glụcose & too little insụlin.
- Body compensates w/ osmotic diụresis
- Leads the the 3Ps (Polyụria, polydipsia, polyphagia) & glycoụrisa, dehydration & electrolyte imbalance.
- Leads to fat bụrning metabolism - ketone release - kụssmaụl breathing
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12
