The Ritchie and Crouch model
Table of Contents
Ritchie and Crouch model...................................................................................................3
Supporting factors and resources.......................................................................................4
Infrastructure:.................................................................................................................................................4
Accessibility:....................................................................................................................................................4
Facilitating resources:.....................................................................................................................................4
Hospitality:......................................................................................................................................................5
Enterprise:.......................................................................................................................................................5
Political will:....................................................................................................................................................6
Core resources and attractors.............................................................................................7
Physiography and climate:..............................................................................................................................7
Culture and history:........................................................................................................................................7
Mix of activities...............................................................................................................................................8
Special events.................................................................................................................................................8
Entertainment.................................................................................................................................................8
Superstructure................................................................................................................................................9
Market ties......................................................................................................................................................9
Destination management.................................................................................................10
Organization:.................................................................................................................................................10
Marketing:.....................................................................................................................................................10
Quality of service/experience:......................................................................................................................11
Information/research...................................................................................................................................12
Human Resource Management....................................................................................................................12
Finance and venture capital.........................................................................................................................13
Visitor management.....................................................................................................................................13
Resource stewardship...................................................................................................................................14
Crisis management.......................................................................................................................................14
Destination policy, planning and development.................................................................15
System definition..........................................................................................................................................16
Philosophy/values.........................................................................................................................................16
Vision............................................................................................................................................................16
Positioning/branding....................................................................................................................................16
Development................................................................................................................................................18
Competitive/collaborative analysis..............................................................................................................18
Monitoring and evaluation...........................................................................................................................18
Audit..............................................................................................................................................................19
Qualifying and amplifying determinants...........................................................................20
Location.........................................................................................................................................................20
Safety/security..............................................................................................................................................21
Cost/value.....................................................................................................................................................21
Interdependencies........................................................................................................................................22
Awareness/image.........................................................................................................................................22
Carrying capacity...........................................................................................................................................23
Global (MACRO) environment...........................................................................................24
Economic forces............................................................................................................................................24
Political forces...............................................................................................................................................25
, Technological forces.....................................................................................................................................25
Demographic forces......................................................................................................................................25
Sociocultural forces......................................................................................................................................25
Climatic forces..............................................................................................................................................25
Environmental forces....................................................................................................................................26
Geographical forces......................................................................................................................................26
2
, Ritchie and Crouch model
Pros:
- Very complete
- Multiple levels
- Almost infinitely complex
- Shows dynamics from small to large destinations.
Cons:
- It’s from 2003 (still valid? Up to date?)
The green things at the bottom of the model are supporting pillars.
3
Table of Contents
Ritchie and Crouch model...................................................................................................3
Supporting factors and resources.......................................................................................4
Infrastructure:.................................................................................................................................................4
Accessibility:....................................................................................................................................................4
Facilitating resources:.....................................................................................................................................4
Hospitality:......................................................................................................................................................5
Enterprise:.......................................................................................................................................................5
Political will:....................................................................................................................................................6
Core resources and attractors.............................................................................................7
Physiography and climate:..............................................................................................................................7
Culture and history:........................................................................................................................................7
Mix of activities...............................................................................................................................................8
Special events.................................................................................................................................................8
Entertainment.................................................................................................................................................8
Superstructure................................................................................................................................................9
Market ties......................................................................................................................................................9
Destination management.................................................................................................10
Organization:.................................................................................................................................................10
Marketing:.....................................................................................................................................................10
Quality of service/experience:......................................................................................................................11
Information/research...................................................................................................................................12
Human Resource Management....................................................................................................................12
Finance and venture capital.........................................................................................................................13
Visitor management.....................................................................................................................................13
Resource stewardship...................................................................................................................................14
Crisis management.......................................................................................................................................14
Destination policy, planning and development.................................................................15
System definition..........................................................................................................................................16
Philosophy/values.........................................................................................................................................16
Vision............................................................................................................................................................16
Positioning/branding....................................................................................................................................16
Development................................................................................................................................................18
Competitive/collaborative analysis..............................................................................................................18
Monitoring and evaluation...........................................................................................................................18
Audit..............................................................................................................................................................19
Qualifying and amplifying determinants...........................................................................20
Location.........................................................................................................................................................20
Safety/security..............................................................................................................................................21
Cost/value.....................................................................................................................................................21
Interdependencies........................................................................................................................................22
Awareness/image.........................................................................................................................................22
Carrying capacity...........................................................................................................................................23
Global (MACRO) environment...........................................................................................24
Economic forces............................................................................................................................................24
Political forces...............................................................................................................................................25
, Technological forces.....................................................................................................................................25
Demographic forces......................................................................................................................................25
Sociocultural forces......................................................................................................................................25
Climatic forces..............................................................................................................................................25
Environmental forces....................................................................................................................................26
Geographical forces......................................................................................................................................26
2
, Ritchie and Crouch model
Pros:
- Very complete
- Multiple levels
- Almost infinitely complex
- Shows dynamics from small to large destinations.
Cons:
- It’s from 2003 (still valid? Up to date?)
The green things at the bottom of the model are supporting pillars.
3
