age 1 of 41
BIO 322 GCU EXAM 1 PREP 2025/2026 COMPLETE
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS ||
100% GUARANTEED PASS <BRAND NEW VERSION>
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy .......Answer.........X-LINKED
RECESSIVE
XmY = Affected
XmX = Female, Carrier
Gower sign
calf pseudohypertrophy, lordosis
Increase in Creatine Kinase
Idiopathic .......Answer.........unknown cause
Iatrogenic .......Answer.........produced by treatment (ex. chemo)
,age 2 of 41
Noscomial .......Answer.........infection acquired in a hospital
2 most common nosocomial infections .......Answer.........1. UTI
2. Pneumonia
Predisposing Factors .......Answer.........age, sex, environment,
lifestyle, heredity
SOAP .......Answer.........subjective (chief complain), objective
(vitals/physical exam), assessment (diagnosis), plan
Hypertonic & Hypotonic .......Answer.........Hypertonic: Cells shrink
(ex. dehydration)
Hypotonic: Cells swell (ex. inflammation - edema)
3 Electrolytes to know: .......Answer.........Sodium: wants to come in
Potassium: wants to leave
,age 3 of 41
Calcium: wants to come in
5 signs of inflammation .......Answer.........heat, redness, swelling,
pain, loss of function
Hyperemia .......Answer.........redness of the skin due to increased
blood flow, causes heat in the area
Atrophy .......Answer.........decrease in cell size
Hypertrophy .......Answer.........increase in cell size, increased
work demand on hormones
ex. cardiomegaly due to Hypertension
Hyperplasia .......Answer.........increase in number of cells,
increased rate of cellular division
ex. BPH, callus
, age 4 of 41
Metaplasia .......Answer.........reversible replacement of one
mature cell type by another less mature cell type
ex. Barret's esophagus, Bronchial metaplasia
Dysplasia .......Answer.........abnormal development or growth of
cells, tissues, or organs
ex. cervical dysplasia as seen on pap smear
Cell stressors = causes of cell injury .......Answer.........- Hypoxic
injury (lack of Oxygen) - MCC
- Unintentional/Intentional physical trauma
- Free radicals & reactive oxygen species (ROS) - oxidative
stress
- Ionizing Radiation (X-rays, UV rays)
BIO 322 GCU EXAM 1 PREP 2025/2026 COMPLETE
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS ||
100% GUARANTEED PASS <BRAND NEW VERSION>
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy .......Answer.........X-LINKED
RECESSIVE
XmY = Affected
XmX = Female, Carrier
Gower sign
calf pseudohypertrophy, lordosis
Increase in Creatine Kinase
Idiopathic .......Answer.........unknown cause
Iatrogenic .......Answer.........produced by treatment (ex. chemo)
,age 2 of 41
Noscomial .......Answer.........infection acquired in a hospital
2 most common nosocomial infections .......Answer.........1. UTI
2. Pneumonia
Predisposing Factors .......Answer.........age, sex, environment,
lifestyle, heredity
SOAP .......Answer.........subjective (chief complain), objective
(vitals/physical exam), assessment (diagnosis), plan
Hypertonic & Hypotonic .......Answer.........Hypertonic: Cells shrink
(ex. dehydration)
Hypotonic: Cells swell (ex. inflammation - edema)
3 Electrolytes to know: .......Answer.........Sodium: wants to come in
Potassium: wants to leave
,age 3 of 41
Calcium: wants to come in
5 signs of inflammation .......Answer.........heat, redness, swelling,
pain, loss of function
Hyperemia .......Answer.........redness of the skin due to increased
blood flow, causes heat in the area
Atrophy .......Answer.........decrease in cell size
Hypertrophy .......Answer.........increase in cell size, increased
work demand on hormones
ex. cardiomegaly due to Hypertension
Hyperplasia .......Answer.........increase in number of cells,
increased rate of cellular division
ex. BPH, callus
, age 4 of 41
Metaplasia .......Answer.........reversible replacement of one
mature cell type by another less mature cell type
ex. Barret's esophagus, Bronchial metaplasia
Dysplasia .......Answer.........abnormal development or growth of
cells, tissues, or organs
ex. cervical dysplasia as seen on pap smear
Cell stressors = causes of cell injury .......Answer.........- Hypoxic
injury (lack of Oxygen) - MCC
- Unintentional/Intentional physical trauma
- Free radicals & reactive oxygen species (ROS) - oxidative
stress
- Ionizing Radiation (X-rays, UV rays)
