NUR 155 EXAM 4 COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW GUIDE – RENAL,
GI, CARDIOVASCULAR, HYPERTENSION, & PERFUSION
DISORDERS (DETAILED Q&A + KEY CONCEPTS)
This all-inclusive NUR 155 Exam 4 Review Guide provides a structured, easy-to-study
breakdown of the major concepts tested in adult medical-surgical nursing. It features
detailed Q&A, clinical reasoning points, medication guides, diagnostic criteria, and
nursing management strategies. Content includes renal system disorders, chronic kidney
disease staging, glomerulonephritis, urinary tract complications, nephrolithiasis, BPH,
hemodialysis vs. peritoneal dialysis, and transplant considerations. The guide also
thoroughly covers gastrointestinal conditions including GERD, gastritis, PUD, H. pylori
treatment, and postoperative NG tube management. Cardiovascular system topics
include atherosclerosis, PAD/PVD staging, venous thromboembolism, coronary artery
disease, angina types, valvular heart disease, hypertension classifications, and heart
failure.
,1. These are considered risk factors for developing End-Stage Renal Disease
(ESRD): Diabetes, HTN, CVD, Obesity, Lupus erythematosus, Sickle Cell
Disease, Chronic Glomerulonephritis, Polycystic Kidney Disease, Nephrotoxic
Drugs
2. Therapeutic effect of omeprazole: Decreased production of gastric acid;
GERD relief
3. What education should be reviewed with the client to reduce
exacerbations of gastritis?: Diet mods: Avoiding spicy/fatty foods, caffeine
Rest promotion and stress reduction
Avoid alcohol, smoking, and NSAIDS
4. The nurse is caring for a client with a NG tube post abd surgery, what lab
value should the nurse monitor for this client?: Electrolytes --> Potassium
5. The nurse is preparing to discharge a client diagnosed with GERD, what
should the discharge plan?: 4-6 small, freq meals
30 degrees or higher/semi-high fowlers for 30 min after a meal
,Diet: No caffeine, tobacco, beer, milk, peppermint/spearmint, or
carbonated beverages; low fat diet Avoid eating/drinking 2 hours
before bed
Avoid tight clothing
HOB >30/6-12 inches
Sleep on left side
6. The nurse is providing education to a client newly diagnosed w/ chronic
kidney disease (CKD). What S/S should the nurse review w/ the client?:
Elevated creatinine
Anemia
Metabolic acidosis
Potassium, calcium, and phosphorus imbalances
Decreased urine output
Fluid retention --> Edema, CHF
HTN
Neuro changes
, Skin changes
Anorexia
7. These are considered independent nursing interventions for a client w/ a
bleeding gastric ulcer: VS, S/S of bleeding, NPO, Meds, Stool, diet education,
I&O
8. What instructions should the nurse give to a client with a hiatal hernia
complaining of abd/sternal pain after eating and when laying down?: Avoid
laying down after eating for 1 hr, elevate HOB when asleep (4-8in), small
freq meals, and avoid trigger foods.
9. The nurse is caring for a client with a diagnosis of nephrolithiasis, what
interventions can the nurse expect to implement?: Assess and strain urine
until stones pass. Limit sodium to 3-4g/day
Low calcium for Cauria
Low purine for acidic stones
Encourage fluids
10. These symptoms are associated with GERD: Pyrosis
GI, CARDIOVASCULAR, HYPERTENSION, & PERFUSION
DISORDERS (DETAILED Q&A + KEY CONCEPTS)
This all-inclusive NUR 155 Exam 4 Review Guide provides a structured, easy-to-study
breakdown of the major concepts tested in adult medical-surgical nursing. It features
detailed Q&A, clinical reasoning points, medication guides, diagnostic criteria, and
nursing management strategies. Content includes renal system disorders, chronic kidney
disease staging, glomerulonephritis, urinary tract complications, nephrolithiasis, BPH,
hemodialysis vs. peritoneal dialysis, and transplant considerations. The guide also
thoroughly covers gastrointestinal conditions including GERD, gastritis, PUD, H. pylori
treatment, and postoperative NG tube management. Cardiovascular system topics
include atherosclerosis, PAD/PVD staging, venous thromboembolism, coronary artery
disease, angina types, valvular heart disease, hypertension classifications, and heart
failure.
,1. These are considered risk factors for developing End-Stage Renal Disease
(ESRD): Diabetes, HTN, CVD, Obesity, Lupus erythematosus, Sickle Cell
Disease, Chronic Glomerulonephritis, Polycystic Kidney Disease, Nephrotoxic
Drugs
2. Therapeutic effect of omeprazole: Decreased production of gastric acid;
GERD relief
3. What education should be reviewed with the client to reduce
exacerbations of gastritis?: Diet mods: Avoiding spicy/fatty foods, caffeine
Rest promotion and stress reduction
Avoid alcohol, smoking, and NSAIDS
4. The nurse is caring for a client with a NG tube post abd surgery, what lab
value should the nurse monitor for this client?: Electrolytes --> Potassium
5. The nurse is preparing to discharge a client diagnosed with GERD, what
should the discharge plan?: 4-6 small, freq meals
30 degrees or higher/semi-high fowlers for 30 min after a meal
,Diet: No caffeine, tobacco, beer, milk, peppermint/spearmint, or
carbonated beverages; low fat diet Avoid eating/drinking 2 hours
before bed
Avoid tight clothing
HOB >30/6-12 inches
Sleep on left side
6. The nurse is providing education to a client newly diagnosed w/ chronic
kidney disease (CKD). What S/S should the nurse review w/ the client?:
Elevated creatinine
Anemia
Metabolic acidosis
Potassium, calcium, and phosphorus imbalances
Decreased urine output
Fluid retention --> Edema, CHF
HTN
Neuro changes
, Skin changes
Anorexia
7. These are considered independent nursing interventions for a client w/ a
bleeding gastric ulcer: VS, S/S of bleeding, NPO, Meds, Stool, diet education,
I&O
8. What instructions should the nurse give to a client with a hiatal hernia
complaining of abd/sternal pain after eating and when laying down?: Avoid
laying down after eating for 1 hr, elevate HOB when asleep (4-8in), small
freq meals, and avoid trigger foods.
9. The nurse is caring for a client with a diagnosis of nephrolithiasis, what
interventions can the nurse expect to implement?: Assess and strain urine
until stones pass. Limit sodium to 3-4g/day
Low calcium for Cauria
Low purine for acidic stones
Encourage fluids
10. These symptoms are associated with GERD: Pyrosis
