Approach categories on aircrafts are based upon? - Answers A grouping of aircraft based on a
speed of 1.3 times the stall speed in the landing configuration at maximum gross landing
weight. An aircraft must fit in only one category. If it is necessary to maneuver at speeds in
excess of the upper limit of a speed range for a category, the minimums for the category for
that speed must be used. For example, an aircraft which falls in Category A, but is circling to
land at a speed in excess of 91 knots, must use the approach Category B minimums when
circling to land.
Aircraft Aaproach Category A? - Answers <91 Max circling speed 90Kts
Aircraft Category B? - Answers 91/120 Max circling speed 120Kts
Aircraft Category C? - Answers 121/140 Max circling speed 140Kts
Aircraft Category D? - Answers 141/165 Max circling speed 165Kts
Aircraft Category E? - Answers >165
What is ETOPS? - Answers Extended twin operations. An operator is granted permission to
operate a twin engined aircraft type on flight in which the aircraft is more than 60 minutes away
from a suitable alternative aerodrome in the event that the aircraft suffers an engine failure en
route.
Wha are the various ETOPS categories? - Answers Normal extended twin operations (ETOPS)
categories, vary between 60 and 180 Minutes.
The first segment on a Takeoff? - Answers First Segment: The Climb from 35 feet point until the
landing gears are fully retracted. Conditions in this segment are:
- landing gear extended
- flaps in T/O position
- Speed = V2
- Climb gradient for 2 engine A/C = Positive
- Climb gradient for 4 engine A/C = 0.5%
- Takeoff power
The second segment on a Takeoff? - Answers Second Segment: Climb from gear retraction
point until a height of 400 feet is reached. conditions in this segment are:
- gears retracted
, - flaps in T/O position
- speed = V2
- Climb gradient 2 engine a/c 2.4%, and 4 engine a/c 3.0%
- takeoff power
The third segment on a Takeoff? - Answers Third Segment: Its the horizontal distance covered
after the second segment until the flap retraction speed is reached, to raise the flaps plus the
distance required to accelerate the aircraft to the flaps up climb speed. It consists of two parts:
First part of 3rd segment: Distance covered before flap retraction, accelerating to flap retraction
speed. The conditions are:
- gears retracted
- flaps in t/o position
- speed increasing from v2 to flap retraction speed
- Climb gradient 2 engine a/c 1.2%, 4 engine a/c 1.7%
- takeoff power
Second part of 3rd segment: Distance covered after flap retraction, accelerating to final t/o
climb speed. the conditions are:
- gears retracted
- flaps retracted
- speed, accelerating from flaps retraction to final t/o climb speed
- Climb gradient 2 engine a/c 1.2%, 4 engine a/c 1.7%
- maximum continuous power
The fourth segment on a Takeoff? - Answers Fourth Segment: the Climb from 400 feet till 1500
feet is reached, after the end of third segment operating with max continuous power. The
conditions are:
- gears retracted
- flaps retracted