Page 1 of 77
NSG233 / NSG 233 Exam 4 (Latest 2025 Update):
Medical-Surgical Nursing III | Questions and Verified
Answers | 100% Correct | Grade A - Herzing
asphyxia .....ANSWER.....Insufficient oxygen and excess carbon
dioxide in the blood and tissues.
bilirubin encephalopathy .....ANSWER.....Acute manifestation of
bilirubin toxicity occurring in the first weeks after birth.
erythroblastosis fetalis .....ANSWER.....Agglutination and
hemolysis of fetal erythrocytes caused by incompatibility
between the maternal and fetal blood types, such as when the
fetus is Rh-positive and the mother is Rh-negative.
esophageal atresia .....ANSWER.....Condition in which the
esophagus is separated from the stomach and ends in a blind
pouch.
,Page 2 of 77
gastroschisis .....ANSWER.....Protrusion of the intestines through a
defect in the abdominal wall. The intestines are not covered by a
peritoneal sac or skin.
hydrops fetalis .....ANSWER.....Heart failure and generalized
edema in the fetus secondary to severe anemia resulting from
destruction of erythrocytes.
kernicterus .....ANSWER.....Chronic and permanent result of
bilirubin toxicity.
meningocele .....ANSWER.....Protrusion of the meninges through a
defect in the vertebrae; a form of neural tube defect.
myelomeningocele .....ANSWER.....Protrusion of the meninges and
spinal cord through a defect in the vertebrae; a form of neural
tube defect.
neonatal abstinence syndrome .....ANSWER.....A cluster of
physical signs exhibited by newborns exposed in utero to
maternal use of substances such as heroin.
,Page 3 of 77
omphalocele .....ANSWER.....Protrusion of the intestines into the
base of the umbilical cord. The intestines are covered by a
peritoneal sac.
persistent pulmonary hypertension .....ANSWER.....Vasoconstriction
of the infant's pulmonary vessels after birth; may result in right-
to-left shunting of blood flow through the ductus arteriosus, the
foramen ovale, or both.
spina bifida .....ANSWER.....Defective closure of the bony spine
that encloses the spinal cord; a type of neural tube defect.
tracheoesophageal fistula .....ANSWER.....Abnormal connection
between the esophagus and trachea.
transient tachypnea of the newborn .....ANSWER.....Condition of
rapid respirations caused by inadequate absorption of fetal lung
fluid.
How is TTN different from RDS? .....ANSWER.....Transient
tachypnea of the newborn is thought to be caused by failure of
, Page 4 of 77
fetal lung fluid to be absorbed completely in late preterm, full-
term, or preterm infants. Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)
occurs in preterm infants as a result of inadequate surfactant. It is
less serious than RDS but is the most common respiratory cause of
NICU admission.
Why is there resistance of blood flow into the lungs in PPHN?
.....ANSWER.....Infants with PPHN have constriction of the
pulmonary blood vessels from inadequate oxygen levels. This
increases resistance to blood flow into the lungs and causes
blood to flow through the foramen ovale and patent ductus
arteriosus.
How can kernicterus be prevented? .....ANSWER.....Kernicterus
can be prevented by identifying women whose infants are at risk
for blood incompatibilities, giving Rh-negative mothers Rh
immune globulin, recognizing infants with bilirubin levels that are
not normal, and instituting phototherapy when it is needed.
NSG233 / NSG 233 Exam 4 (Latest 2025 Update):
Medical-Surgical Nursing III | Questions and Verified
Answers | 100% Correct | Grade A - Herzing
asphyxia .....ANSWER.....Insufficient oxygen and excess carbon
dioxide in the blood and tissues.
bilirubin encephalopathy .....ANSWER.....Acute manifestation of
bilirubin toxicity occurring in the first weeks after birth.
erythroblastosis fetalis .....ANSWER.....Agglutination and
hemolysis of fetal erythrocytes caused by incompatibility
between the maternal and fetal blood types, such as when the
fetus is Rh-positive and the mother is Rh-negative.
esophageal atresia .....ANSWER.....Condition in which the
esophagus is separated from the stomach and ends in a blind
pouch.
,Page 2 of 77
gastroschisis .....ANSWER.....Protrusion of the intestines through a
defect in the abdominal wall. The intestines are not covered by a
peritoneal sac or skin.
hydrops fetalis .....ANSWER.....Heart failure and generalized
edema in the fetus secondary to severe anemia resulting from
destruction of erythrocytes.
kernicterus .....ANSWER.....Chronic and permanent result of
bilirubin toxicity.
meningocele .....ANSWER.....Protrusion of the meninges through a
defect in the vertebrae; a form of neural tube defect.
myelomeningocele .....ANSWER.....Protrusion of the meninges and
spinal cord through a defect in the vertebrae; a form of neural
tube defect.
neonatal abstinence syndrome .....ANSWER.....A cluster of
physical signs exhibited by newborns exposed in utero to
maternal use of substances such as heroin.
,Page 3 of 77
omphalocele .....ANSWER.....Protrusion of the intestines into the
base of the umbilical cord. The intestines are covered by a
peritoneal sac.
persistent pulmonary hypertension .....ANSWER.....Vasoconstriction
of the infant's pulmonary vessels after birth; may result in right-
to-left shunting of blood flow through the ductus arteriosus, the
foramen ovale, or both.
spina bifida .....ANSWER.....Defective closure of the bony spine
that encloses the spinal cord; a type of neural tube defect.
tracheoesophageal fistula .....ANSWER.....Abnormal connection
between the esophagus and trachea.
transient tachypnea of the newborn .....ANSWER.....Condition of
rapid respirations caused by inadequate absorption of fetal lung
fluid.
How is TTN different from RDS? .....ANSWER.....Transient
tachypnea of the newborn is thought to be caused by failure of
, Page 4 of 77
fetal lung fluid to be absorbed completely in late preterm, full-
term, or preterm infants. Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)
occurs in preterm infants as a result of inadequate surfactant. It is
less serious than RDS but is the most common respiratory cause of
NICU admission.
Why is there resistance of blood flow into the lungs in PPHN?
.....ANSWER.....Infants with PPHN have constriction of the
pulmonary blood vessels from inadequate oxygen levels. This
increases resistance to blood flow into the lungs and causes
blood to flow through the foramen ovale and patent ductus
arteriosus.
How can kernicterus be prevented? .....ANSWER.....Kernicterus
can be prevented by identifying women whose infants are at risk
for blood incompatibilities, giving Rh-negative mothers Rh
immune globulin, recognizing infants with bilirubin levels that are
not normal, and instituting phototherapy when it is needed.
