NURS 6243 Final EXAM 2 REVIEW QUESTIONS

EXAM 2 PATHO REVIEW QUESTIONS 1. Which statement is accurate? A. Allergy means a hypersensitivity to environmental antigens. Correct B. Immunity means an altered immunologic response. C. Hypersensitivity means the protective response to an antigen. D. Autoimmunity means the normal response to foreign antigens. Allergy - a hypersensitivity to environmental antigens. Immunity - is the protective response to antigens. Hypersensitivity - is the altered immunologic response to an antigen. Autoimmunity - is a disturbance in the immunologic tolerance of self-antigens. 2. An accurate description of a type I reaction would be that it: A. is mediated by IgA. B. is generally allergic in nature. Correct C. most often occurs against medications. D. seldom contributes to autoimmune diseases. Most type I reactions are allergic. They are mediated by IgE. Most occur against environmental antigens and do contribute to some autoimmune diseases. 3. When considering serum sickness, which is correct? Serum sickness is: A. caused by the formation of immune complexes. Correct B. the result of the deposition of complexes in the lungs. C. the result of cytotoxic T-cell reactions to antigens. D. created by the binding of the antigen to the cell surface. Serum sickness reactions are caused by the formation of immune complexes in the blood and their deposition in target tissues. An Arthus reaction deposits complexes into the walls of blood vessels. Type IV mechanisms occur through either cytotoxic T lymphocytes or lymphokine-producing Th1 cells. Antigen is bound to the cell surface in type II reactions. 4. A type IV allergic reaction will: A. be immediate in its action. B. result in an infiltration of B cells. C. create a red, soft-centered lesion. D. be transferred by cells. Correct Type IV hypersensitivity reactions can be transferred by cells (cell-mediated), but not by serum. They are delayed as their onset takes from 24 to 72 hours. The site is infiltrated with T lymphocytes and macrophages. There is a clear hard center with surrounding erythema (redness). 5. A patient who presents with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is likely to: A. be male. B. be white. C. report symptoms of arthritis. Correct D. experience memory loss. SLE is characterized by an autoimmune disease, such as arthritis, and is more common in women and in blacks. Memory loss is not generally associated with this disorder. 6. Which of the following is TRUE regarding organ transplant rejection? A. The rejection is type IV hypersensitivity. Correct B. Hyperacute rejection is common. C. Acute rejection occurs within months to years. D. Without drugs, it takes years for rejection. This is a type IV cell–mediated hypersensitivity reaction. Hyperacute rejection is rare. Acute rejection occurs within days to months. Rejection may occur in 2 weeks if immunosuppressive drugs are not used. 7. Which is true for a patient who is transfused with a unit of unmatched packed RBCs? The unit: A. now has only three different RBC antigens. B. is type AB blood and will have anti-A and anti-B antibodies. C. is type O blood and will have neither A nor B antigens. Correct D. is type A blood and will have anti-O antibodies. Type O blood does not contain A or B antigens. There are 80 major different red cell antigens. A patient with type A blood carries anti-B antibodies. A patient with type B blood carries anti-A antibodies. A patient with type AB blood lacks both anti-A and anti-B antibodies. Those with type O blood have both anti-A and anti-B antibodies. 8. A patient who is a type AB+ blood will: A. not produce anti-D antibodies. Correct B. have one genotype, DD. C. have the dd genotype. D. be among 15% of the population. Positive blood types may be DD or Dd in genotype and do not have any D antibodies. The dd genotype is for negative blood, and 85% of the population is Rh positive. Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points. 9. 9.ID: 53 Hypersensitivity reactions include: (select all that apply) A. type I IgE allergic reactions. Correct